有我的简单版本的UITextView与占位符。主要思想是:

隐藏占位符，如果用户开始编辑和占位符是可见的 如果用户结束编辑并且文本视图的文本为空，则显示占位符。

class PlaceholderTextView: UITextView {

    var placeholder = "" {
        didSet {
            if isPlaceholderVisible {
                showPlaceholder()
            }
        }
    }

    var isPlaceholderVisible = true {
        didSet {
            isPlaceholderVisible ? showPlaceholder() : hidePlaceholder()
        }
    }

    init() {
        super.init(frame: .zero, textContainer: nil)
        delegate = self
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    private func showPlaceholder() {
        text = placeholder
        // Set other things like color of text for placeholder, ...
    }

    private func hidePlaceholder() {
        text = ""
        // Set other things like color of text for normal input, ...
    }

}

extension PlaceholderTextView: UITextViewDelegate {
    func textViewDidBeginEditing(_ textView: UITextView) {
        if isPlaceholderVisible {
            isPlaceholderVisible = false
        }
    }

    func textViewDidEndEditing(_ textView: UITextView) {
        if text.isEmpty {
            isPlaceholderVisible = true
        }
    }
}

浮动的占位符

将占位符标签放置在文本视图之上，通过跟踪文本视图字符计数的变化来设置其字体、颜色和管理占位符可见性，这是简单、安全且可靠的。

斯威夫特5:

class NotesViewController : UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet var textView : UITextView!
    var placeholderLabel : UILabel!
        
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    
        textView.delegate = self
        placeholderLabel = UILabel()
        placeholderLabel.text = "Enter some text..."
        placeholderLabel.font = .italicSystemFont(ofSize: (textView.font?.pointSize)!)
        placeholderLabel.sizeToFit()
        textView.addSubview(placeholderLabel)
        placeholderLabel.frame.origin = CGPoint(x: 5, y: (textView.font?.pointSize)! / 2)
        placeholderLabel.textColor = .tertiaryLabel
        placeholderLabel.isHidden = !textView.text.isEmpty
    }
}

extension NotesViewController : UITextViewDelegate {
    func textViewDidChange(_ textView: UITextView) {
        placeholderLabel.isHidden = !textView.text.isEmpty
    }
}

在swift2.2:

public class CustomTextView: UITextView {

private struct Constants {
    static let defaultiOSPlaceholderColor = UIColor(red: 0.0, green: 0.0, blue: 0.0980392, alpha: 0.22)
}
private let placeholderLabel: UILabel = UILabel()

private var placeholderLabelConstraints = [NSLayoutConstraint]()

@IBInspectable public var placeholder: String = "" {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.text = placeholder
    }
}

@IBInspectable public var placeholderColor: UIColor = CustomTextView.Constants.defaultiOSPlaceholderColor {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.textColor = placeholderColor
    }
}

override public var font: UIFont! {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.font = font
    }
}

override public var textAlignment: NSTextAlignment {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.textAlignment = textAlignment
    }
}

override public var text: String! {
    didSet {
        textDidChange()
    }
}

override public var attributedText: NSAttributedString! {
    didSet {
        textDidChange()
    }
}

override public var textContainerInset: UIEdgeInsets {
    didSet {
        updateConstraintsForPlaceholderLabel()
    }
}

override public init(frame: CGRect, textContainer: NSTextContainer?) {
    super.init(frame: frame, textContainer: textContainer)
    commonInit()
}

required public init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
    super.init(coder: aDecoder)
    commonInit()
}

private func commonInit() {
    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self,
                                                     selector: #selector(textDidChange),
                                                     name: UITextViewTextDidChangeNotification,
                                                     object: nil)

    placeholderLabel.font = font
    placeholderLabel.textColor = placeholderColor
    placeholderLabel.textAlignment = textAlignment
    placeholderLabel.text = placeholder
    placeholderLabel.numberOfLines = 0
    placeholderLabel.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()
    placeholderLabel.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    addSubview(placeholderLabel)
    updateConstraintsForPlaceholderLabel()
}

private func updateConstraintsForPlaceholderLabel() {
    var newConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("H:|-(\(textContainerInset.left + textContainer.lineFragmentPadding))-[placeholder]",
                                                                        options: [],
                                                                        metrics: nil,
                                                                        views: ["placeholder": placeholderLabel])
    newConstraints += NSLayoutConstraint.constraintsWithVisualFormat("V:|-(\(textContainerInset.top))-[placeholder]",
                                                                     options: [],
                                                                     metrics: nil,
                                                                     views: ["placeholder": placeholderLabel])
    newConstraints.append(NSLayoutConstraint(
        item: placeholderLabel,
        attribute: .Width,
        relatedBy: .Equal,
        toItem: self,
        attribute: .Width,
        multiplier: 1.0,
        constant: -(textContainerInset.left + textContainerInset.right + textContainer.lineFragmentPadding * 2.0)
        ))
    removeConstraints(placeholderLabelConstraints)
    addConstraints(newConstraints)
    placeholderLabelConstraints = newConstraints
}

@objc private func textDidChange() {
    placeholderLabel.hidden = !text.isEmpty
}

public override func layoutSubviews() {
    super.layoutSubviews()
    placeholderLabel.preferredMaxLayoutWidth = textContainer.size.width - textContainer.lineFragmentPadding * 2.0
}

deinit {
    NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().removeObserver(self,
                                                        name: UITextViewTextDidChangeNotification,
                                                        object: nil)
}

}

在swift3:

import UIKit

类 CustomTextView： { UITextView

private struct Constants {
    static let defaultiOSPlaceholderColor = UIColor(red: 0.0, green: 0.0, blue: 0.0980392, alpha: 0.22)
}
private let placeholderLabel: UILabel = UILabel()

private var placeholderLabelConstraints = [NSLayoutConstraint]()

@IBInspectable public var placeholder: String = "" {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.text = placeholder
    }
}

@IBInspectable public var placeholderColor: UIColor = CustomTextView.Constants.defaultiOSPlaceholderColor {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.textColor = placeholderColor
    }
}

override public var font: UIFont! {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.font = font
    }
}

override public var textAlignment: NSTextAlignment {
    didSet {
        placeholderLabel.textAlignment = textAlignment
    }
}

override public var text: String! {
    didSet {
        textDidChange()
    }
}

override public var attributedText: NSAttributedString! {
    didSet {
        textDidChange()
    }
}

override public var textContainerInset: UIEdgeInsets {
    didSet {
        updateConstraintsForPlaceholderLabel()
    }
}

override public init(frame: CGRect, textContainer: NSTextContainer?) {
    super.init(frame: frame, textContainer: textContainer)
    commonInit()
}

required public init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
    super.init(coder: aDecoder)
    commonInit()
}

private func commonInit() {
    NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self,
                                                     selector: #selector(textDidChange),
                                                     name: NSNotification.Name.UITextViewTextDidChange,
                                                     object: nil)

    placeholderLabel.font = font
    placeholderLabel.textColor = placeholderColor
    placeholderLabel.textAlignment = textAlignment
    placeholderLabel.text = placeholder
    placeholderLabel.numberOfLines = 0
    placeholderLabel.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear
    placeholderLabel.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    addSubview(placeholderLabel)
    updateConstraintsForPlaceholderLabel()
}

private func updateConstraintsForPlaceholderLabel() {
    var newConstraints = NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:|-(\(textContainerInset.left + textContainer.lineFragmentPadding))-[placeholder]",
        options: [],
        metrics: nil,
        views: ["placeholder": placeholderLabel])
    newConstraints += NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:|-(\(textContainerInset.top))-[placeholder]",
        options: [],
        metrics: nil,
        views: ["placeholder": placeholderLabel])
    newConstraints.append(NSLayoutConstraint(
        item: placeholderLabel,
        attribute: .width,
        relatedBy: .equal,
        toItem: self,
        attribute: .width,
        multiplier: 1.0,
        constant: -(textContainerInset.left + textContainerInset.right + textContainer.lineFragmentPadding * 2.0)
    ))
    removeConstraints(placeholderLabelConstraints)
    addConstraints(newConstraints)
    placeholderLabelConstraints = newConstraints
}

@objc private func textDidChange() {
    placeholderLabel.isHidden = !text.isEmpty
}

public override func layoutSubviews() {
    super.layoutSubviews()
    placeholderLabel.preferredMaxLayoutWidth = textContainer.size.width - textContainer.lineFragmentPadding * 2.0
}

deinit {
    NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(self,
                                                        name: NSNotification.Name.UITextViewTextDidChange,
                                                        object: nil)
}

}

我用swift写了一个类。您需要在需要的时候导入这个类。

由于声誉问题，我不能发表评论。在@clearlight answer中增加一个委托需求。

func textViewDidBeginEditing(_ textView: UITextView) { 
        cell.placeholderLabel.isHidden = !textView.text.isEmpty
}

是需要

因为textViewDidChange不是第一次被调用

这里有一些东西可以被放到UIStackView中，它会使用内部高度约束来调整自己的大小。可能需要调整以适应特定的需求。

import UIKit

public protocol PlaceholderTextViewDelegate: class {
  func placeholderTextViewTextChanged(_ textView: PlaceholderTextView, text: String)
}

public class PlaceholderTextView: UIView {

  public weak var delegate: PlaceholderTextViewDelegate?
  private var heightConstraint: NSLayoutConstraint?

  public override init(frame: CGRect) {
    self.allowsNewLines = true

    super.init(frame: frame)

    self.heightConstraint = self.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0)
    self.heightConstraint?.isActive = true

    self.addSubview(self.placeholderTextView)
    self.addSubview(self.textView)

    self.pinToCorners(self.placeholderTextView)
    self.pinToCorners(self.textView)

    self.updateHeight()
  }

  public override func didMoveToSuperview() {
    super.didMoveToSuperview()

    self.updateHeight()
  }

  private func pinToCorners(_ view: UIView) {
    NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
      view.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leadingAnchor),
      view.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.trailingAnchor),
      view.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.topAnchor),
      view.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.bottomAnchor)
    ])
  }

  // Accessors
  public var text: String? {
    didSet {
      self.textView.text = text
      self.textViewDidChange(self.textView)
      self.updateHeight()
    }
  }

  public var textColor: UIColor? {
    didSet {
      self.textView.textColor = textColor
      self.updateHeight()
    }
  }

  public var font: UIFont? {
    didSet {
      self.textView.font = font
      self.placeholderTextView.font = font
      self.updateHeight()
    }
  }

  public override var tintColor: UIColor? {
    didSet {
      self.textView.tintColor = tintColor
      self.placeholderTextView.tintColor = tintColor
    }
  }

  public var placeholderText: String? {
    didSet {
      self.placeholderTextView.text = placeholderText
      self.updateHeight()
    }
  }

  public var placeholderTextColor: UIColor? {
    didSet {
      self.placeholderTextView.textColor = placeholderTextColor
      self.updateHeight()
    }
  }

  public var allowsNewLines: Bool

  public required init?(coder _: NSCoder) {
    fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
  }

  private lazy var textView: UITextView = self.newTextView()
  private lazy var placeholderTextView: UITextView = self.newTextView()

  private func newTextView() -> UITextView {
    let textView = UITextView()
    textView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    textView.isScrollEnabled = false
    textView.delegate = self
    textView.backgroundColor = .clear
    return textView
  }

  private func updateHeight() {
    let maxSize = CGSize(width: self.frame.size.width, height: .greatestFiniteMagnitude)

    let textViewSize = self.textView.sizeThatFits(maxSize)
    let placeholderSize = self.placeholderTextView.sizeThatFits(maxSize)

    let maxHeight = ceil(CGFloat.maximum(textViewSize.height, placeholderSize.height))

    self.heightConstraint?.constant = maxHeight
  }
}

extension PlaceholderTextView: UITextViewDelegate {
  public func textViewDidChangeSelection(_: UITextView) {
    self.placeholderTextView.alpha = self.textView.text.isEmpty ? 1 : 0
    self.updateHeight()
  }

  public func textViewDidChange(_: UITextView) {
    self.delegate?.placeholderTextViewTextChanged(self, text: self.textView.text)
  }

  public func textView(_: UITextView, shouldChangeTextIn _: NSRange,
                       replacementText text: String) -> Bool {
    let containsNewLines = text.rangeOfCharacter(from: .newlines)?.isEmpty == .some(false)
    guard !containsNewLines || self.allowsNewLines else { return false }

    return true
  }
}

基于这里已经给出的一些很好的建议，我能够将以下轻量级的、与接口生成器兼容的UITextView子类组合在一起，它是:

包括可配置的占位符文本，样式就像UITextField一样。 不需要任何额外的子视图或约束。 不需要来自ViewController的任何委托或其他行为。 不需要任何通知。 保持占位符文本与查看字段文本属性的任何外部类完全分离。

任何改进建议都是受欢迎的，特别是如果有任何方法通过编程来获取iOS的占位符颜色，而不是硬编码它。

斯威夫特v5:

import UIKit
@IBDesignable class TextViewWithPlaceholder: UITextView {
    
    override var text: String! { // Ensures that the placeholder text is never returned as the field's text
        get {
            if showingPlaceholder {
                return "" // When showing the placeholder, there's no real text to return
            } else { return super.text }
        }
        set { super.text = newValue }
    }
    @IBInspectable var placeholderText: String = ""
    @IBInspectable var placeholderTextColor: UIColor = UIColor(red: 0.78, green: 0.78, blue: 0.80, alpha: 1.0) // Standard iOS placeholder color (#C7C7CD). See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31057746/whats-the-default-color-for-placeholder-text-in-uitextfield
    private var showingPlaceholder: Bool = true // Keeps track of whether the field is currently showing a placeholder
    
    override func didMoveToWindow() {
        super.didMoveToWindow()
        if text.isEmpty {
            showPlaceholderText() // Load up the placeholder text when first appearing, but not if coming back to a view where text was already entered
        }
    }
    
    override func becomeFirstResponder() -> Bool {
        // If the current text is the placeholder, remove it
        if showingPlaceholder {
            text = nil
            textColor = nil // Put the text back to the default, unmodified color
            showingPlaceholder = false
        }
        return super.becomeFirstResponder()
    }
    
    override func resignFirstResponder() -> Bool {
        // If there's no text, put the placeholder back
        if text.isEmpty {
            showPlaceholderText()
        }
        return super.resignFirstResponder()
    }
    
    private func showPlaceholderText() {
        showingPlaceholder = true
        textColor = placeholderTextColor
        text = placeholderText
    }
}