OSX (10.13.6, high sierra)

类似于@Nick的答案，但他的解决方案对我不起作用。

首先通过brew install socat安装socat，然后安装XQuartz (https://www.xquartz.org/)

请在评论区(http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/)按照以下步骤进行:

1. in one mac terminal i started:

socat TCP-LISTEN:6000,reuseaddr,fork UNIX-CLIENT:\"$DISPLAY\"

2. and in another mac terminal I ran:

docker run -ti --rm \
-e DISPLAY=$(ipconfig getifaddr en0):0 \
-v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
firefox

我也可以从我的debian docker容器中启动CLion。

我来晚了，但对于不想走XQuartz道路的Mac用户，这里有一个工作示例，它使用Xvfb和VNC使用桌面环境(xfce)构建Fedora映像。这很简单，也很有效:

https://github.com/ddual/docker_recipes#fedora-with-an-x-window-system https://github.com/ddual/docker_recipes/tree/master/fedora_gui

在Mac上，您可以使用屏幕共享(默认)应用程序访问它，连接到localhost:5901。

Dockerfile：

FROM fedora

USER root

# Set root password, so I know it for the future
RUN echo "root:password123" | chpasswd

# Install Java, Open SSL, etc.
RUN dnf update -y --setopt=deltarpm=false  \
 && dnf install -y --setopt=deltarpm=false \
                openssl.x86_64             \
                java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64  \
                xorg-x11-server-Xvfb       \
                x11vnc                     \
                firefox                    \
                @xfce-desktop-environment  \
 && dnf clean all

# Create developer user (password: password123, uid: 11111)
RUN useradd -u 11111 -g users -d /home/developer -s /bin/bash -p $(echo password123 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin) developer

# Copy startup script over to the developer home
COPY start-vnc.sh /home/developer/start-vnc.sh
RUN chmod 700 /home/developer/start-vnc.sh
RUN chown developer.users /home/developer/start-vnc.sh

# Expose VNC, SSH
EXPOSE 5901 22

# Set up VNC Password and DisplayEnvVar to point to Display1Screen0
USER developer
ENV  DISPLAY :1.0
RUN  mkdir ~/.x11vnc
RUN  x11vnc -storepasswd letmein ~/.x11vnc/passwd

WORKDIR /home/developer
CMD ["/home/developer/start-vnc.sh"]

start-vnc.sh

#!/bin/sh

Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1024x768x24 &
sleep 5
x11vnc -noxdamage -many -display :1 -rfbport 5901 -rfbauth ~/.x11vnc/passwd -bg
sleep 2
xfce4-session &

bash
# while true; do sleep 1000; done

如果需要，请查看链接的自述文件以获得构建和运行命令。

这里有一个轻量级的解决方案，可以避免在容器上安装任何X服务器，vnc服务器或sshd守护进程。它在简单中得到的好处，却在安全和隔离中失去了。

它假设您使用带有X11转发的ssh连接到主机。

在主机的sshd配置中添加该行

X11UseLocalhost no

因此，主机上转发的X服务器端口在所有接口上都是开放的(不仅仅是lo)，特别是在Docker虚拟接口docker0上。

容器在运行时需要访问. xauthority文件，以便连接到服务器。为此，我们定义了一个只读卷，指向主机上的主目录(可能不是一个明智的主意!)，并相应地设置XAUTHORITY变量。

docker run -v $HOME:/hosthome:ro -e XAUTHORITY=/hosthome/.Xauthority

这还不够，我们还必须从主机传递DISPLAY变量，但是用ip代替主机名:

-e DISPLAY=$(echo $DISPLAY | sed "s/^.*:/$(hostname -i):/")

我们可以定义一个别名:

 alias dockerX11run='docker run -v $HOME:/hosthome:ro -e XAUTHORITY=/hosthome/.Xauthority -e DISPLAY=$(echo $DISPLAY | sed "s/^.*:/$(hostname -i):/")'

然后像这样测试:

dockerX11run centos xeyes

fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04)

https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop provides a convenient setup. That setup is not minimized. It would be good to minimize it. But I just don't have the time, and that one just works every time I try, so I tend to just use it. On the upside, because it is not minimized, it tends to test more complex programs you might actually to see that they are actually working through the infinitely many pitfalls of Docker. Also, since setups breaks on every guest/host update, a minimization would arguably only work for a limited period until you'd have to reminimize that project again.

要启动它，只需运行:

sudo docker run --name ubvnc -p 6080:80 -p 5900:5900 dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc:focal

然后在主机上:

visit: http://127.0.0.1:6080/#/ which runs a noVNC more limited JavaScript VNC client run: sudo apt-get install tigervnc-viewer xtigervncviewer :5900 To go into fullscreen mode, hit F8 and click on menu entry, or just F8 followed by T: https://superuser.com/questions/285843/how-do-i-switch-in-out-of-fullscreen-mode-from-the-command-line-in-realvnc You might need to close and reopen the screen after that for the image to get larger. I also tried vinagre, but it was much laggier when scrolling Firefox on YouTube. Inside vinagre, you might want to go into full screen mode to be able to see the full desktop

要退出，只需杀死码头码头。并重新启动机器:

sudo docker start ubvnc

然后重新连接VNC。然后退出机器:

sudo docker stop ubvnc

您必须等待几秒钟，等待客户机上的VNC服务器启动，然后才能进行连接。

客人体内的铬不会从菜单开始。如果你试图从命令行启动它，它会解释为什么:

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.

所以只需从CLI运行它:

chromium-browser --no-sandbox

然而，Firefox并不在意。

待办事项:没有音频。——device /dev/snd没有帮助:

如何在Mac OS Yosemite上的Docker容器中播放声音 https://forums.docker.com/t/how-to-get-sound/36527 https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/issues/49

编辑:他们为它增加了一个部分:https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/tree/e4922ce92f945fc482994b7a0fd95ca5de7295b3#sound-preview-version-and-linux-only

参见:

如何在Docker映像中打开Ubuntu GUI

测试:

Ubuntu 19.04主机，fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop, dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc镜像id: 70516b87e92d。 Ubuntu 21.10主机:dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc:focal (Ubuntu 20.04)

具有BRIDGE网络的Docker。 Ubuntu 16.04使用显示管理器lightdm:

cd /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d
sudo nano user.conf

[Seat:*]
xserver-allow-tcp=true
xserver-command=X -listen tcp

您可以使用更多的私有权限

xhost +

docker run --volume="$HOME/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority:rw" --env="DISPLAY=$HOST_IP_IN_BRIDGE_NETWORK:0" --net=bridge $container_name

您也可以使用subuser: https://github.com/timthelion/subuser

这允许你在docker中打包许多gui应用程序。到目前为止，Firefox和emacs已经进行了测试。然而，在firefox中，webGL却不能正常工作。铬根本不起作用。

编辑:声音工作!

EDIT2:自从我第一次发布这篇文章以来，subbuser已经取得了很大的进步。我现在有了一个subuser.org网站，以及一个通过XPRA桥接连接到X11的新安全模型。