我刚刚发现了这篇博客，想在这里与你们分享，因为我认为这是最好的方法，而且很简单。

http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/

优点: + docker容器中没有x服务器的东西 +不需要VNC客户端/服务器 + SSH不支持x转发 +更小的docker容器

缺点: 在主机上使用x(不是为了安全沙箱)

以防链接有一天会失败，我把最重要的部分放在这里: dockerfile:

FROM ubuntu:14.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y firefox

# Replace 1000 with your user / group id
RUN export uid=1000 gid=1000 && \
    mkdir -p /home/developer && \
    echo "developer:x:${uid}:${gid}:Developer,,,:/home/developer:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd && \
    echo "developer:x:${uid}:" >> /etc/group && \
    echo "developer ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/developer && \
    chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/developer && \
    chown ${uid}:${gid} -R /home/developer

USER developer
ENV HOME /home/developer
CMD /usr/bin/firefox

构建映像:

docker build -t firefox .

run命令:

docker run -ti --rm \
   -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \
   -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
   firefox

当然，你也可以在运行命令中使用sh -c "echo script-here"

提示:音频请查看:https://stackoverflow.com/a/28985715/2835523

OSX (10.13.6, high sierra)

类似于@Nick的答案，但他的解决方案对我不起作用。

首先通过brew install socat安装socat，然后安装XQuartz (https://www.xquartz.org/)

请在评论区(http://fabiorehm.com/blog/2014/09/11/running-gui-apps-with-docker/)按照以下步骤进行:

1. in one mac terminal i started:

socat TCP-LISTEN:6000,reuseaddr,fork UNIX-CLIENT:\"$DISPLAY\"

2. and in another mac terminal I ran:

docker run -ti --rm \
-e DISPLAY=$(ipconfig getifaddr en0):0 \
-v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \
firefox

我也可以从我的debian docker容器中启动CLion。

Xauthority becomes an issue with newer systems. I can either discard any protection with xhost + before running my docker containers, or I can pass in a well prepared Xauthority file. Typical Xauthority files are hostname specific. With docker, each container can have a different host name (set with docker run -h), but even setting the hostname of the container identical to the host system did not help in my case. xeyes (I like this example) simply would ignore the magic cookie and pass no credentials to the server. Hence we get an error message 'No protocol specified Cannot open display'

Xauthority文件的编写方式可以使主机名无关紧要。 我们需要将认证家族设置为“FamilyWild”。我不确定xauth是否有合适的命令行，所以这里有一个结合xauth和sed的示例。我们需要改变nlist输出的前16位。FamilyWild的值为65535或0xffff。

docker build -t xeyes - << __EOF__
FROM debian
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -qqy x11-apps
ENV DISPLAY :0
CMD xeyes
__EOF__
XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
XAUTH=/tmp/.docker.xauth
xauth nlist :0 | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f $XAUTH nmerge -
docker run -ti -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK -v $XAUTH:$XAUTH -e XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH xeyes

如果你想无头运行GUI应用程序，请阅读这里。您需要做的是使用xvfb或其他类似软件创建一个虚拟监视器。如果您想在浏览器上运行Selenium测试，这是非常有用的。

任何地方都没有提到的是，一些软件实际上本身就在Linux容器中使用沙盒。例如，如果你在运行容器时没有使用适当的特权标志，Chrome将永远不会正常运行。

OSX

Jürgen Weigert有最好的答案，在Ubuntu上为我工作，然而在OSX上，docker运行在VirtualBox内部，所以解决方案没有更多的工作就不能工作。

我让它和这些额外的配料一起工作:

Xquartz (OSX不再随X11服务器发货) 使用socat进行Socket转发 Bash脚本启动容器

我很感激用户的评论来改善OSX的这个答案，我不确定套接字转发X是否安全，但我的预期用途是只在本地运行docker容器。

此外，该脚本有点脆弱，因为它不容易获得机器的IP地址，因为它是在我们的本地无线，所以它总是一些随机的IP。

我用来启动容器的BASH脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

CONTAINER=py3:2016-03-23-rc3
COMMAND=/bin/bash
NIC=en0

# Grab the ip address of this box
IPADDR=$(ifconfig $NIC | grep "inet " | awk '{print $2}')

DISP_NUM=$(jot -r 1 100 200)  # random display number between 100 and 200

PORT_NUM=$((6000 + DISP_NUM)) # so multiple instances of the container won't interfer with eachother

socat TCP-LISTEN:${PORT_NUM},reuseaddr,fork UNIX-CLIENT:\"$DISPLAY\" 2>&1 > /dev/null &

XSOCK=/tmp/.X11-unix
XAUTH=/tmp/.docker.xauth.$USER.$$
touch $XAUTH
xauth nlist $DISPLAY | sed -e 's/^..../ffff/' | xauth -f $XAUTH nmerge -

docker run \
    -it \
    --rm \
    --user=$USER \
    --workdir="/Users/$USER" \
    -v "/Users/$USER:/home/$USER:rw" \
    -v $XSOCK:$XSOCK:rw \
    -v $XAUTH:$XAUTH:rw \
    -e DISPLAY=$IPADDR:$DISP_NUM \
    -e XAUTHORITY=$XAUTH \
    $CONTAINER \
    $COMMAND

rm -f $XAUTH
kill %1       # kill the socat job launched above

我能够让xeyes和matplotlib使用这种方法工作。

Windows 7 +。

在Windows 7+上使用MobaXterm更容易一些:

为windows安装MobaXterm 开始MobaXterm 配置X服务器:“设置”—“> X11 (tab)”—“> X11远程访问”设置为“full” 使用这个BASH脚本启动容器

run_docker.bash:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

CONTAINER=py3:2016-03-23-rc3
COMMAND=/bin/bash
DISPLAY="$(hostname):0"
USER=$(whoami)

docker run \
    -it \
    --rm \
    --user=$USER \
    --workdir="/home/$USER" \
    -v "/c/Users/$USER:/home/$USER:rw" \
    -e DISPLAY \
    $CONTAINER \
    $COMMAND

fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop (Ubuntu 18.04, 20.04)

https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop provides a convenient setup. That setup is not minimized. It would be good to minimize it. But I just don't have the time, and that one just works every time I try, so I tend to just use it. On the upside, because it is not minimized, it tends to test more complex programs you might actually to see that they are actually working through the infinitely many pitfalls of Docker. Also, since setups breaks on every guest/host update, a minimization would arguably only work for a limited period until you'd have to reminimize that project again.

要启动它，只需运行:

sudo docker run --name ubvnc -p 6080:80 -p 5900:5900 dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc:focal

然后在主机上:

visit: http://127.0.0.1:6080/#/ which runs a noVNC more limited JavaScript VNC client run: sudo apt-get install tigervnc-viewer xtigervncviewer :5900 To go into fullscreen mode, hit F8 and click on menu entry, or just F8 followed by T: https://superuser.com/questions/285843/how-do-i-switch-in-out-of-fullscreen-mode-from-the-command-line-in-realvnc You might need to close and reopen the screen after that for the image to get larger. I also tried vinagre, but it was much laggier when scrolling Firefox on YouTube. Inside vinagre, you might want to go into full screen mode to be able to see the full desktop

要退出，只需杀死码头码头。并重新启动机器:

sudo docker start ubvnc

然后重新连接VNC。然后退出机器:

sudo docker stop ubvnc

您必须等待几秒钟，等待客户机上的VNC服务器启动，然后才能进行连接。

客人体内的铬不会从菜单开始。如果你试图从命令行启动它，它会解释为什么:

Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.

所以只需从CLI运行它:

chromium-browser --no-sandbox

然而，Firefox并不在意。

待办事项:没有音频。——device /dev/snd没有帮助:

如何在Mac OS Yosemite上的Docker容器中播放声音 https://forums.docker.com/t/how-to-get-sound/36527 https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/issues/49

编辑:他们为它增加了一个部分:https://github.com/fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop/tree/e4922ce92f945fc482994b7a0fd95ca5de7295b3#sound-preview-version-and-linux-only

参见:

如何在Docker映像中打开Ubuntu GUI

测试:

Ubuntu 19.04主机，fcwu/docker-ubuntu-vnc-desktop, dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc镜像id: 70516b87e92d。 Ubuntu 21.10主机:dorowu/ Ubuntu -desktop-lxde-vnc:focal (Ubuntu 20.04)