使用库配置选项，您可以樱桃选择映射到您的项目。只需添加es2015。集合到您的lib部分。当你没有库配置时，添加一个默认库，并添加es2015.collection。

所以当你有target: es5时，改变tsconfig。json:

"target": "es5",
"lib": [ "dom", "es5", "scripthost", "es2015.collection" ],

我如何在typescript中声明一个ES6 Map类型?

您需要目标——模块es6。这是不幸的，你可以在这里提出你的关注:https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/2953#issuecomment-98514111

Typescript还不支持Map。

ES6兼容性表

这里有一个例子:

this.configs = new Map<string, string>();
this.configs.set("key", "value");

Demo

不确定这是否是官方的，但这在typescript 2.7.1中为我工作:

class Item {
   configs: Map<string, string>;
   constructor () {
     this.configs = new Map();
   }
}

在简单的Map<keyType, valueType>

见评论:https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/3069#issuecomment-99964139

TypeScript does not come with built in pollyfills. it is up to you to decide which pollyfill to use, if any. you can use something like es6Collection, es6-shims, corejs..etc. All the Typescript compiler needs is a declaration for the ES6 constructs you want to use. you can find them all in this lib file. here is the relevant portion: interface Map<K, V> { clear(): void; delete(key: K): boolean; entries(): IterableIterator<[K, V]>; forEach(callbackfn: (value: V, index: K, map: Map<K, V>) => void, thisArg?: any): void; get(key: K): V; has(key: K): boolean; keys(): IterableIterator<K>; set(key: K, value?: V): Map<K, V>; size: number; values(): IterableIterator<V>; [Symbol.iterator]():IterableIterator<[K,V]>; [Symbol.toStringTag]: string; } interface MapConstructor { new <K, V>(): Map<K, V>; new <K, V>(iterable: Iterable<[K, V]>): Map<K, V>; prototype: Map<any, any>; } declare var Map: MapConstructor;