13年后，你现在在“git维护”中有一个预取任务

The prefetch task updates the object directory with the latest objects from all registered remotes. For each remote, a git fetch command is run. The refmap is custom to avoid updating local or remote branches (those in refs/heads or refs/remotes). Instead, the remote refs are stored in refs/prefetch/<remote>/. Also, tags are not updated. This is done to avoid disrupting the remote-tracking branches. The end users expect these refs to stay unmoved unless they initiate a fetch. With prefetch task, however, the objects necessary to complete a later real fetch would already be obtained, so the real fetch would go faster. In the ideal case, it will just become an update to a bunch of remote-tracking branches without any object transfer.

从Git 2.32 (Q2 2021)开始，你也可以做一个Git预取，同样不修改你上次的读取状态。

参见Derrick Stolee (derrickstolee)提交的commit 32f6788、commit cfd781e、commit 2e03115(2021年4月16日)和commit a039a1f(2021年4月06日)。 (由Junio C Hamano - gitster -在commit d250f90中合并，2021年4月30日)

取:添加——预取选项 资助人:Tom Saeger 资助人:Ramsay Jones 署名:Derrick Stolee

The --prefetch option will be used by the 'prefetch' maintenance task instead of sending refspecs explicitly across the command-line. The intention is to modify the refspec to place all results in refs/prefetch/ instead of anywhere else. Create helper method filter_prefetch_refspec() to modify a given refspec to fit the rules expected of the prefetch task: Negative refspecs are preserved. Refspecs without a destination are removed. Refspecs whose source starts with "refs/tags/" are removed. Other refspecs are placed within "refs/prefetch/". Finally, we add the 'force' option to ensure that prefetch refs are replaced as necessary. There are some interesting cases that are worth testing. An earlier version of this change dropped the "i--" from the loop that deletes a refspec item and shifts the remaining entries down. This allowed some refspecs to not be modified. The subtle part about the first --prefetch test is that the refs/tags/* refspec appears directly before the refs/heads/bogus/* refspec. Without that "i--", this ordering would remove the "refs/tags/*" refspec and leave the last one unmodified, placing the result in "refs/heads/*". It is possible to have an empty refspec. This is typically the case for remotes other than the origin, where users want to fetch a specific tag or branch. To correctly test this case, we need to further remove the upstream remote for the local branch. Thus, we are testing a refspec that will be deleted, leaving nothing to fetch.

Fetch-options现在包含在它的手册页中:

——预取 修改已配置的refspec以将所有引用放入 refs /预取的名称空间。

我想git fetch就是你要找的。

它将拉出更改和对象，而不将它们提交到本地回购的索引中。

它们可以稍后用git merge进行合并。

手册页

编辑:进一步解释

直接从Git- SVN速成班链接

Now, how do you get any new changes from a remote repository? You fetch them: git fetch http://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ At this point they are in your repository and you can examine them using: git log origin You can also diff the changes. You can also use git log HEAD..origin to see just the changes you don't have in your branch. Then if would like to merge them - just do: git merge origin Note that if you don't specify a branch to fetch, it will conveniently default to the tracking remote.

阅读手册页可以让您更好地理解选项以及如何使用它。

我只是想通过例子和记忆来做这个，我目前没有一个盒子来测试。你应该看看:

git log -p //log with diff

获取可以通过git reset (hard)来撤销，但是你的树中所有未提交的更改都会丢失，你已经获取的更改也会丢失。

在其他地方克隆repo，并在真正的checkout和新的克隆上执行git log，看看是否得到了相同的东西。

在做一个git取回之后，做一个git log HEAD..Origin /master显示您的最后一次公共提交和原点的主分支之间的日志条目。要显示差异，使用git log -p HEAD..origin/master显示每个补丁，或者git diff HEAD…原点/母点(三个点而不是两个点)显示单个差异。

通常不需要撤销获取，因为执行获取只更新远程分支，而不更新您的任何分支。如果您不准备在所有远程提交中执行拉取和合并操作，您可以使用git选择性地只接受您想要的特定远程提交。稍后，当您准备好获取所有内容时，git拉取将在其余提交中合并。

更新:我不完全确定为什么你要避免使用git获取。所有git获取所做的是更新远程分支的本地副本。这个本地副本与您的任何分支都没有任何关系，也与未提交的本地更改没有任何关系。我听说有人在cron作业中运行git fetch，因为它非常安全。(不过，我通常不建议这样做。)

下面这个有用的命令我从这个链接https://gist.github.com/jtdp/5443297。感谢https://gist.github.com/jtdp

git fetch origin

# show commit logs of changes
git log master..origin/master

# show diffs of changes
git diff master..origin/master

# apply the changes by merge..
git merge origin/master

# .. or just pull the changes
git pull

我创建了一个自定义的git别名来为我做这件事:

alias.changes=!git log --name-status HEAD..

你可以这样做:

$git fetch
$git changes origin

这将为您提供一个在进行合并之前预览更改的好方法。