awk -F'['|'] -v '{print $1"\t"$2"\t"$3}' file <<<'12|23|11'

echo "12|23|11" | awk '{split($0,a,"|"); print a[3] a[2] a[1]}'

awk -F'['|'] -v '{print $1"\t"$2"\t"$3}' file <<<'12|23|11'

实际上awk有一个功能叫做“输入字段分隔符变量”链接。这是如何使用它。它不是一个真正的数组，但它使用内部的$变量。对于分割一个简单的字符串，它更容易。

echo "12|23|11" | awk 'BEGIN {FS="|";} { print $1, $2, $3 }'

在awk中，我们使用split()函数将字符串拆分为数组:

awk '{split($0, array, ":")}'
#           \/  \___/  \_/
#           |     |     |
#       string    |     delimiter
#                 |
#               array to store the pieces

如果没有指定分隔符，则使用FS，默认为空格:

$ awk '{split($0, array); print array[2]}' <<< "a:b c:d e"
c:d

我们可以给出一个分隔符，例如::

$ awk '{split($0, array, ":"); print array[2]}' <<< "a:b c:d e"
b c

这相当于通过FS设置:

$ awk -F: '{split($0, array); print array[2]}' <<< "a:b c:d e"
b c

在GNU Awk中，你也可以提供分隔符作为regexp:

$ awk '{split($0, array, ":*"); print array[2]}' <<< "a:::b c::d e
#note multiple :
b c

甚至可以通过使用第四个参数来查看每一步的分隔符:

$ awk '{split($0, array, ":*", sep); print array[2]; print sep[1]}' <<< "a:::b c::d e"
b c
:::

让我们引用GNU awk的手册页:

split(string, array [, fieldsep [, seps ] ]) Divide string into pieces separated by fieldsep and store the pieces in array and the separator strings in the seps array. The first piece is stored in array[1], the second piece in array[2], and so forth. The string value of the third argument, fieldsep, is a regexp describing where to split string (much as FS can be a regexp describing where to split input records). If fieldsep is omitted, the value of FS is used. split() returns the number of elements created. seps is a gawk extension, with seps[i] being the separator string between array[i] and array[i+1]. If fieldsep is a single space, then any leading whitespace goes into seps[0] and any trailing whitespace goes into seps[n], where n is the return value of split() (i.e., the number of elements in array).

code

awk -F"|" '{split($0,a); print a[1],a[2],a[3]}' <<< '12|23|11'

输出

12 23 11