我需要在配置文件的末尾添加以下一行:

include "/configs/projectname.conf"

到一个名为lighttpd.conf的文件

我正在研究使用sed来做到这一点,但我不知道如何。

我怎么能只插入它,如果行已经不存在?


当前回答

你可以使用这个函数来查找和搜索配置更改:

#!/bin/bash

#Find and Replace config values
find_and_replace_config () {
   file=$1
   var=$2
   new_value=$3
   awk -v var="$var" -v new_val="$new_value" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="="}match($1, "^\\s*" var "\\s*") {$2=" " new_val}1' "$file" > output.tmp && sudo mv output.tmp $file
}

find_and_replace_config /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini max_execution_time 60

其他回答

保持简单就好:)

Grep + echo就足够了:

grep -qxF 'include "/configs/projectname.conf"' foo.bar || echo 'include "/configs/projectname.conf"' >> foo.bar

-q安静点 -x匹配整行 -F pattern是一个普通字符串 https://linux.die.net/man/1/grep

编辑: 合并了@cerin和@thijs-wouters的建议。

只使用sed,我建议使用以下解决方案:

sed -i \
    -e 's#^include "/configs/projectname.conf"#include "/configs/projectname.conf"#' \
    -e t \
    -e '$ainclude "/configs/projectname.conf"' lighttpd.conf

将include“/configs/projectname.conf”行替换为自身(此处使用#作为分隔符)

T如果替换成功,跳过其余命令

$a否则跳转到最后一行,并在其后添加include "/configs/projectname.conf "

使用sed,最简单的语法:

sed \
    -e '/^\(option=\).*/{s//\1value/;:a;n;ba;q}' \
    -e '$aoption=value' filename

如果参数存在,这将替换它,否则将把它添加到文件的底部。

如果您想就地编辑文件,请使用-i选项。


如果你想接受并保留空白,并且除了删除注释之外,如果行已经存在,但被注释掉了,那么写:

sed -i \
    -e '/^#\?\(\s*option\s*=\s*\).*/{s//\1value/;:a;n;ba;q}' \
    -e '$aoption=value' filename

请注意,选项和值都不能包含斜杠/,否则必须将其转义为\/。


要使用bash变量$option和$value,你可以这样写:

sed -i \
    -e '/^#\?\(\s*'${option//\//\\/}'\s*=\s*\).*/{s//\1'${value//\//\\/}'/;:a;n;ba;q}' \
    -e '$a'${option//\//\\/}'='${value//\//\\/} filename

bash表达式${option//\//\\/}引用斜杠,它将所有/替换为\/。

注意:刚刚陷入了一个问题。在bash中,你可以引用"${option//\//\\/}",但在busybox的sh中,这行不通,所以你应该避免使用引号,至少在非boure -shell中是这样。


所有这些组合在一个bash函数中:

# call option with parameters: $1=name $2=value $3=file
function option() {
    name=${1//\//\\/}
    value=${2//\//\\/}
    sed -i \
        -e '/^#\?\(\s*'"${name}"'\s*=\s*\).*/{s//\1'"${value}"'/;:a;n;ba;q}' \
        -e '$a'"${name}"'='"${value}" $3
}

解释:

/^\(option=\).*/: Match lines that start with option= and (.*) ignore everything after the =. The \(…\) encloses the part we will reuse as \1later. /^#?(\s*'"${option//////}"'\s*=\s*).*/: Ignore commented out code with # at the begin of line. \? means «optional». The comment will be removed, because it is outside of the copied part in \(…\). \s* means «any number of white spaces» (space, tabulator). White spaces are copied, since they are within \(…\), so you do not lose formatting. /^\(option=\).*/{…}: If matches a line /…/, then execute the next command. Command to execute is not a single command, but a block {…}. s//…/: Search and replace. Since the search term is empty //, it applies to the last match, which was /^\(option=\).*/. s//\1value/: Replace the last match with everything in (…), referenced by \1and the textvalue` :a;n;ba;q: Set label a, then read next line n, then branch b (or goto) back to label a, that means: read all lines up to the end of file, so after the first match, just fetch all following lines without further processing. Then q quit and therefore ignore everything else. $aoption=value: At the end of file $, append a the text option=value

关于sed和命令概述的更多信息请参阅我的博客:

https://marc.wackerlin.ch/computer/stream-editor-sed-overview-and-reference

这将是一个干净、易读和可重用的解决方案,使用grep和echo仅在文件不存在时才向文件添加一行:

LINE='include "/configs/projectname.conf"'
FILE='lighttpd.conf'
grep -qF -- "$LINE" "$FILE" || echo "$LINE" >> "$FILE"

如果需要匹配整行,请使用grep -xqF

添加-s来忽略文件不存在时的错误,用这一行创建一个新文件。

使用grep得到的答案是错误的。你需要添加一个-x选项来匹配整行,否则像#text to add这样的行在寻找要添加的文本时仍然会匹配。

所以正确的解决方案是这样的:

grep -qxF 'include "/configs/projectname.conf"' foo.bar || echo 'include "/configs/projectname.conf"' >> foo.bar