在SQL中没有一个很好的方法来做到这一点。我看到的一些方法:

1)用CASE结合布尔运算符:

WHERE
    OrderNumber = CASE 
        WHEN (IsNumeric(@OrderNumber) = 1)
        THEN CONVERT(INT, @OrderNumber)
        ELSE -9999 -- Some numeric value that just cannot exist in the column
    END
    OR 
    FirstName LIKE CASE
        WHEN (IsNumeric(@OrderNumber) = 0)
        THEN '%' + @OrderNumber
        ELSE ''
    END

2)在SELECT之外使用IF

IF (IsNumeric(@OrderNumber)) = 1
BEGIN
    SELECT * FROM Table
    WHERE @OrderNumber = OrderNumber
END ELSE BEGIN
    SELECT * FROM Table
    WHERE OrderNumber LIKE '%' + @OrderNumber
END

3)使用长字符串，有条件地编写SQL语句，然后使用EXEC

第三种方法很可怕，但如果你有许多这样的可变条件，它几乎是唯一可行的方法。

我认为在……情况下……可以使用布尔值。我正在使用T-SQL。

场景:假设如果bool为假，你想获取Person-30的爱好，如果bool为真，你想获取Person-42的爱好。(根据一些人的说法，业余爱好查找占了90%以上的商业计算周期，所以要密切关注。)

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_Case
@bool   bit
AS
SELECT Person.Hobbies
FROM Person
WHERE Person.ID = 
    case @bool 
        when 0 
            then 30
        when 1
            then 42
    end;

CASE语句总是比IF语句更好的选择。

  WHERE  vfl.CreatedDate >= CASE WHEN @FromDate IS NULL THEN vfl.CreatedDate ELSE  @FromDate END
    AND vfl.CreatedDate<=CASE WHEN @ToDate IS NULL THEN vfl.CreatedDate ELSE @ToDate END 

WHERE (IsNumeric(@OrderNumber) <> 1 OR OrderNumber = @OrderNumber) 
             AND (IsNumber(@OrderNumber) = 1 OR OrderNumber LIKE '%' 
                                              + @OrderNumber + '%')

USE AdventureWorks2012;
GO
IF 
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Production.Product WHERE Name LIKE 'Touring-3000%' ) > 5
PRINT 'There are more than 5 Touring-3000 bicycles.'
ELSE PRINT 'There are 5 or less Touring-3000 bicycles.' ;
GO

//使用存储过程按国家和站点筛选用户的示例

CREATE STORED PROCEDURE GetUsers
@CountryId int = null,
@SiteId int = null
AS
BEGIN
SELECT *
        FROM Users
        WHERE
                CountryId  = CASE WHEN ISNUMERIC(@CountryId) = 1 THEN @CountryId ELSE CountryId END AND 
                SiteId     = CASE WHEN ISNUMERIC(@SiteId) = 1 THEN @SiteId ELSE SiteId END END

//从输入的countryId和/或siteId如果存在，否则不过滤