如果添加主键约束

ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD CONSTRAINT <CONSTRAINT NAME> PRIMARY KEY <COLUMNNAME>  

例如:

ALTER TABLE DEPT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY (DEPTNO)

PRIMARY KEY约束唯一标识数据库表中的每条记录。 主键必须包含唯一值，列不能包含空值。

  -- DROP current primary key 
  ALTER TABLE tblPersons DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>
  Example:
  ALTER TABLE tblPersons 
  DROP CONSTRAINT P_Id;


  -- ALTER TABLE tblpersion
  ALTER TABLE tblpersion add primary key (P_Id,LastName)

我觉得这样应该有用

-- drop current primary key constraint
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion 
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_persionId;
GO

-- add new auto incremented field
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion 
ADD pmid BIGINT IDENTITY;
GO

-- create new primary key constraint
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion 
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_persionId PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (pmid, persionId);
GO

Necromancing。 以防有人有和我一样好的图式…… 以下是正确的做法:

在本例中，表名为dbo。T_SYS_Language_Forms，列名是LANG_UID

-- First, chech if the table exists...
IF 0 < (
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES 
    WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
    AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
    AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
BEGIN
    -- Check for NULL values in the primary-key column
    IF 0 = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms WHERE LANG_UID IS NULL)
    BEGIN
        ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ALTER COLUMN LANG_UID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL 

        -- No, don't drop, FK references might already exist...
        -- Drop PK if exists (it is very possible it does not have the name you think it has...)
        -- ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT pk_constraint_name 
        --DECLARE @pkDropCommand nvarchar(1000) 
        --SET @pkDropCommand = N'ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME((SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS 
        --WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' 
        --AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo' 
        --AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms' 
        ----AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms' 
        --))
        ---- PRINT @pkDropCommand 
        --EXECUTE(@pkDropCommand) 
        -- Instead do
        -- EXEC sp_rename 'dbo.T_SYS_Language_Forms.PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms1234565', 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms';

        -- Check if they keys are unique (it is very possible they might not be)        
        IF 1 >= (SELECT TOP 1 COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms GROUP BY LANG_UID ORDER BY cnt DESC)
        BEGIN

            -- If no Primary key for this table
            IF 0 =  
            (
                SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS 
                WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY' 
                AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo' 
                AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms' 
                -- AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms' 
            )
                ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (LANG_UID ASC)
            ;

        END -- End uniqueness check
        ELSE
            PRINT 'FSCK, this column has duplicate keys, and can thus not be changed to primary key...' 
    END -- End NULL check
    ELSE
        PRINT 'FSCK, need to figure out how to update NULL value(s)...' 
END 

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME ADD PRIMARY KEY(`persionId`,`Pname`,`PMID`)

如果添加主键约束

ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD CONSTRAINT <CONSTRAINT NAME> PRIMARY KEY <COLUMNNAME>  

例如:

ALTER TABLE DEPT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY (DEPTNO)