我有一个名为Persion的现有表。在这个表格中,我有5列:
persionId Pname PMid Pdescription Pamt
在创建该表时,我将PersionId和Pname设置为主键。
现在我想在主键中再包含一列——PMID。我如何写一个ALTER语句来做到这一点?(我已经在表中有1000条记录)
我有一个名为Persion的现有表。在这个表格中,我有5列:
persionId Pname PMid Pdescription Pamt
在创建该表时,我将PersionId和Pname设置为主键。
现在我想在主键中再包含一列——PMID。我如何写一个ALTER语句来做到这一点?(我已经在表中有1000条记录)
当前回答
Necromancing。 以防有人有和我一样好的图式…… 以下是正确的做法:
在本例中,表名为dbo。T_SYS_Language_Forms,列名是LANG_UID
-- First, chech if the table exists...
IF 0 < (
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
BEGIN
-- Check for NULL values in the primary-key column
IF 0 = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms WHERE LANG_UID IS NULL)
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ALTER COLUMN LANG_UID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL
-- No, don't drop, FK references might already exist...
-- Drop PK if exists (it is very possible it does not have the name you think it has...)
-- ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT pk_constraint_name
--DECLARE @pkDropCommand nvarchar(1000)
--SET @pkDropCommand = N'ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME((SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
--WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
--AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
--AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
----AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms'
--))
---- PRINT @pkDropCommand
--EXECUTE(@pkDropCommand)
-- Instead do
-- EXEC sp_rename 'dbo.T_SYS_Language_Forms.PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms1234565', 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms';
-- Check if they keys are unique (it is very possible they might not be)
IF 1 >= (SELECT TOP 1 COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms GROUP BY LANG_UID ORDER BY cnt DESC)
BEGIN
-- If no Primary key for this table
IF 0 =
(
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
-- AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (LANG_UID ASC)
;
END -- End uniqueness check
ELSE
PRINT 'FSCK, this column has duplicate keys, and can thus not be changed to primary key...'
END -- End NULL check
ELSE
PRINT 'FSCK, need to figure out how to update NULL value(s)...'
END
其他回答
Necromancing。 以防有人有和我一样好的图式…… 以下是正确的做法:
在本例中,表名为dbo。T_SYS_Language_Forms,列名是LANG_UID
-- First, chech if the table exists...
IF 0 < (
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
BEGIN
-- Check for NULL values in the primary-key column
IF 0 = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms WHERE LANG_UID IS NULL)
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ALTER COLUMN LANG_UID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL
-- No, don't drop, FK references might already exist...
-- Drop PK if exists (it is very possible it does not have the name you think it has...)
-- ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT pk_constraint_name
--DECLARE @pkDropCommand nvarchar(1000)
--SET @pkDropCommand = N'ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME((SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
--WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
--AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
--AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
----AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms'
--))
---- PRINT @pkDropCommand
--EXECUTE(@pkDropCommand)
-- Instead do
-- EXEC sp_rename 'dbo.T_SYS_Language_Forms.PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms1234565', 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms';
-- Check if they keys are unique (it is very possible they might not be)
IF 1 >= (SELECT TOP 1 COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms GROUP BY LANG_UID ORDER BY cnt DESC)
BEGIN
-- If no Primary key for this table
IF 0 =
(
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
-- AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (LANG_UID ASC)
;
END -- End uniqueness check
ELSE
PRINT 'FSCK, this column has duplicate keys, and can thus not be changed to primary key...'
END -- End NULL check
ELSE
PRINT 'FSCK, need to figure out how to update NULL value(s)...'
END
在您的表中已经有一个主键。不能只添加主键,否则会引起错误。因为sql表只有一个主键。
首先,您必须删除旧的主键。
MySQL:
ALTER TABLE Persion
DROP PRIMARY KEY;
SQL Server / Oracle / MS访问:
ALTER TABLE Persion
DROP CONSTRAINT 'constraint name';
您必须在表中找到约束名称。如果你有 在创建表时给定约束名,可以轻松使用 约束名(例如:PK_Persion)。
第二,添加主键。
MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS访问:
ALTER TABLE Persion ADD PRIMARY KEY (PersionId,Pname,PMID);
或者下面那个更好的
ALTER TABLE Persion ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Persion PRIMARY KEY (PersionId,Pname,PMID);
这可以由开发人员设置约束名称。这样更容易维护这个表。
把所有的答案看完后,我有点糊涂了。所以我研究了一些文件,找出每一个细节。希望这个答案可以帮助其他SQL初学者。
参考:https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_primarykey.asp
alter table(人) 添加ID int主键
这将添加主键和标识种子并填充新列。
请尝尝这个
ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME DROP INDEX `PRIMARY`, ADD PRIMARY KEY (COLUMN1, COLUMN2,..);
ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME ADD PRIMARY KEY(`persionId`,`Pname`,`PMID`)