利用Matt Fenwick的想法帮助我解决了这个问题(非常感谢)，让我们把它简化为一个问题:

select
    history.*,
    coalesce(sum(case when itemname = "A" then itemvalue end), 0) as A,
    coalesce(sum(case when itemname = "B" then itemvalue end), 0) as B,
    coalesce(sum(case when itemname = "C" then itemvalue end), 0) as C
from history
group by hostid

SELECT 
    hostid, 
    sum( if( itemname = 'A', itemvalue, 0 ) ) AS A,  
    sum( if( itemname = 'B', itemvalue, 0 ) ) AS B, 
    sum( if( itemname = 'C', itemvalue, 0 ) ) AS C 
FROM 
    bob 
GROUP BY 
    hostid;

我的解决方案:

select h.hostid, sum(ifnull(h.A,0)) as A, sum(ifnull(h.B,0)) as B, sum(ifnull(h.C,0)) as  C from (
select
hostid,
case when itemName = 'A' then itemvalue end as A,
case when itemName = 'B' then itemvalue end as B,
case when itemName = 'C' then itemvalue end as C
  from history 
) h group by hostid

它在提交的案例中产生预期的结果。

我很抱歉这么说，也许我没有完全解决你的问题，但PostgreSQL比MySQL早10年，与MySQL相比是非常先进的，有很多方法可以轻松实现这一点。安装PostgreSQL并执行此查询

CREATE EXTENSION tablefunc;

然后瞧!这里有大量的文档:PostgreSQL: documentation: 9.1: tablefunc或this查询

CREATE EXTENSION hstore;

然后，瞧!PostgreSQL: Documentation: 9.0: hstore

我找到了一种方法，使用简单的查询使我的报告几乎动态地将行转换为列。你可以在这里在线查看和测试。

查询的列数是固定的，但值是动态的，并且基于行值。所以，我使用一个查询来构建表头，另一个查询来查看值:

SELECT distinct concat('<th>',itemname,'</th>') as column_name_table_header FROM history order by 1;

SELECT
     hostid
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 0,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col1
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 1,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col2
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 2,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col3
    ,(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 3,1) then itemvalue else '' end) as col4
FROM history order by 1;

你也可以总结一下:

SELECT
     hostid
    ,sum(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 0,1) then itemvalue end) as A
    ,sum(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 1,1) then itemvalue end) as B
    ,sum(case when itemname = (select distinct itemname from history a order by 1 limit 2,1) then itemvalue end) as C
FROM history group by hostid order by 1;
+--------+------+------+------+
| hostid | A    | B    | C    |
+--------+------+------+------+
|      1 |   10 |    3 | NULL |
|      2 |    9 | NULL |   40 |
+--------+------+------+------+

RexTester测试结果:

http://rextester.com/ZSWKS28923

作为一个实际使用的例子，下面的报告以列的形式显示了船只/公共汽车出发和到达的时间，并有一个可视化的时间表。你会看到一个额外的列没有使用在最后一个col而不会混淆可视化: **票务系统的在线售票和存在

另一个选择，尤其有用，如果你有很多项，你需要枢轴是让mysql为你构建查询:

SELECT
  GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
    CONCAT(
      'ifnull(SUM(case when itemname = ''',
      itemname,
      ''' then itemvalue end),0) AS `',
      itemname, '`'
    )
  ) INTO @sql
FROM
  history;
SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT hostid, ', @sql, ' 
                  FROM history 
                   GROUP BY hostid');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

小提琴 添加了一些额外的值，以看到它的工作

GROUP_CONCAT的默认值为1000，因此如果您有一个非常大的查询，请在运行它之前更改此参数

SET SESSION group_concat_max_len = 1000000;

测试:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS history;
CREATE TABLE history
(hostid INT,
itemname VARCHAR(5),
itemvalue INT);

INSERT INTO history VALUES(1,'A',10),(1,'B',3),(2,'A',9),
(2,'C',40),(2,'D',5),
(3,'A',14),(3,'B',67),(3,'D',8);

  hostid    A     B     C      D
    1     10      3     0      0
    2     9       0    40      5
    3     14     67     0      8