当我评估100多个服务器时，我也遇到了同样的问题，我用c#写了一个脚本来浏览由SQL组成的服务名称。当在服务器上安装实例时，SQL server为每个实例添加一个服务，并使用服务名。对于不同的版本，例如2000年到2008年，它可能有所不同，但肯定有一个具有实例名的服务。

我获取服务名并从服务名获得实例名。下面是WMI查询结果的示例代码:

if (ServiceData.DisplayName == "MSSQLSERVER" || ServiceData.DisplayName == "SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER)")
            {
                InstanceData.Name = "DEFAULT";
                InstanceData.ConnectionName = CurrentMachine.Name;
                CurrentMachine.ListOfInstances.Add(InstanceData);
            }
            else
                if (ServiceData.DisplayName.Contains("SQL Server (") == true)
                {
                    InstanceData.Name = ServiceData.DisplayName.Substring(
                                            ServiceData.DisplayName.IndexOf("(") + 1,
                                            ServiceData.DisplayName.IndexOf(")") - ServiceData.DisplayName.IndexOf("(") - 1
                                        );
                    InstanceData.ConnectionName = CurrentMachine.Name + "\\" + InstanceData.Name;
                    CurrentMachine.ListOfInstances.Add(InstanceData);
                }
                else
                    if (ServiceData.DisplayName.Contains("MSSQL$") == true)
                    {
                        InstanceData.Name = ServiceData.DisplayName.Substring(
                                                ServiceData.DisplayName.IndexOf("$") + 1,
                                                ServiceData.DisplayName.Length - ServiceData.DisplayName.IndexOf("$") - 1
                                            );

                        InstanceData.ConnectionName = CurrentMachine.Name + "\\" + InstanceData.Name;
                        CurrentMachine.ListOfInstances.Add(InstanceData);
                    }

我知道这是一个老帖子，但我发现了一个很好的解决方案与PoweShell，你可以找到SQL实例安装在本地或远程机器上，包括版本，也可以扩展获得其他属性。

$MachineName = ‘.’ # Default local computer Replace . with server name for a remote computer

$reg = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenRemoteBaseKey(‘LocalMachine’, $MachineName)
$regKey= $reg.OpenSubKey("SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Microsoft SQL Server\\Instance Names\\SQL" )
$values = $regkey.GetValueNames()
$values | ForEach-Object {$value = $_ ; $inst = $regKey.GetValue($value); 
              $path = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Microsoft SQL Server\\"+$inst+"\\MSSQLServer\\"+"CurrentVersion";
              #write-host $path; 
              $version = $reg.OpenSubKey($path).GetValue("CurrentVersion");
                          write-host "Instance" $value;
              write-host  "Version" $version}

另一个选择是运行SQLSERVER发现报告，进入SQLSERVER安装介质，双击setup.exe

在下一个屏幕中，转到工具并单击如下所示的发现报告

这将向你展示所有的实例以及整个功能..下面是我电脑上的快照

SQL Server浏览器服务http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181087.aspx

安装的所有实例都应该显示在Microsoft管理控制台的服务管理单元中。如果需要获取实例名，请执行“开始|运行|类型的服务”。查找所有带有“Sql Server(实例名)”的条目。

If you just want to see what's installed on the machine you're currently logged in to, I think the most straightforward manual process is to just open the SQL Server Configuration Manager (from the Start menu), which displays all the SQL Services (and only SQL services) on that hardware (running or not). This assumes SQL Server 2005, or greater; dotnetengineer's recommendation to use the Services Management Console will show you all services, and should always be available (if you're running earlier versions of SQL Server, for example).

If you're looking for a broader discovery process, however, you might consider third party tools such as SQLRecon and SQLPing, which will scan your network and build a report of all SQL Service instances found on any server to which they have access. It's been a while since I've used tools like this, but I was surprised at what they found (namely, a handful of instances that I didn't know existed). YMMV. You might Google for details, but I believe this page has the relevant downloads: http://www.sqlsecurity.com/Tools/FreeTools/tabid/65/Default.aspx