这个查询可以得到服务器名和实例名:

SELECT @@SERVERNAME, @@SERVICENAME

如果您有兴趣在脚本中确定这一点，您可以尝试以下方法:

sc \\server_name query | grep MSSQL

注意:grep是gnuwin32工具的一部分

另一个选择是运行SQLSERVER发现报告，进入SQLSERVER安装介质，双击setup.exe

在下一个屏幕中，转到工具并单击如下所示的发现报告

这将向你展示所有的实例以及整个功能..下面是我电脑上的快照

在命令行中:

SQLCMD -L

or

OSQL -L

(注:必须大写L)

这将列出网络上安装的所有sql server。您可以设置一些配置选项来防止SQL Server显示在列表中。要做到这一点…

在命令行:

svrnetcn

在启用的协议列表中，选择“TCP/IP”，然后单击属性。有一个“隐藏服务器”的复选框。

我知道这是一个老帖子，但我发现了一个很好的解决方案与PoweShell，你可以找到SQL实例安装在本地或远程机器上，包括版本，也可以扩展获得其他属性。

$MachineName = ‘.’ # Default local computer Replace . with server name for a remote computer

$reg = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenRemoteBaseKey(‘LocalMachine’, $MachineName)
$regKey= $reg.OpenSubKey("SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Microsoft SQL Server\\Instance Names\\SQL" )
$values = $regkey.GetValueNames()
$values | ForEach-Object {$value = $_ ; $inst = $regKey.GetValue($value); 
              $path = "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Microsoft SQL Server\\"+$inst+"\\MSSQLServer\\"+"CurrentVersion";
              #write-host $path; 
              $version = $reg.OpenSubKey($path).GetValue("CurrentVersion");
                          write-host "Instance" $value;
              write-host  "Version" $version}

SQL Server permits applications to find SQL Server instances within the current network. The SqlDataSourceEnumerator class exposes this information to the application developer, providing a DataTable containing information about all the visible servers. This returned table contains a list of server instances available on the network that matches the list provided when a user attempts to create a new connection, and expands the drop-down list containing all the available servers on the Connection Properties dialog box. The results displayed are not always complete. In order to retrieve the table containing information about the available SQL Server instances, you must first retrieve an enumerator, using the shared/static Instance property:

using System.Data.Sql;

class Program
{
  static void Main()
  {
    // Retrieve the enumerator instance and then the data.
    SqlDataSourceEnumerator instance =
      SqlDataSourceEnumerator.Instance;
    System.Data.DataTable table = instance.GetDataSources();

    // Display the contents of the table.
    DisplayData(table);

    Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue.");
    Console.ReadKey();
  }

  private static void DisplayData(System.Data.DataTable table)
  {
    foreach (System.Data.DataRow row in table.Rows)
    {
      foreach (System.Data.DataColumn col in table.Columns)
      {
        Console.WriteLine("{0} = {1}", col.ColumnName, row[col]);
      }
      Console.WriteLine("============================");
    }
  }
}

来自MSDN http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a6t1z9x2(v=vs.80).aspx