我如何创建一个看起来像这样的菜单:
PSD链接
我不想用PSD图像。我更喜欢使用一些包中的图标，如FontAwesome，并在css中生成背景/css。
可以在这里找到使用PSD生成工具提示图像并使用它的菜单版本。
大约3年后，我终于抽出时间重新审视这个问题，并发布了一个改进的版本。您仍然可以在最后查看原始答案以供参考。
虽然SVG可能是更好的选择，特别是在今天，我的目标是保持它只有HTML和CSS，没有JS，没有SVG，没有图像(除了根元素的背景)。
2015年演示
截图
Chrome 43:
Firefox 38:
即11:
Code
HTML非常简单。我使用复选框hack来显示/隐藏菜单。
<input type='checkbox' id='t'/>
<label for='t'>✰</label>
<ul>
<li><a href='#'>☀</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☃</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>☁</a></li>
</ul>
我使用Sass来保持逻辑，并在需要时更容易更改内容。大量的评论。
$d: 2em; // diameter of central round button
$r: 16em; // radius of menu
$n: 3; // must match number of list items in DOM
$exp: 3em; // menu item height
$tip: .75em; // dimension of tip on middle menu item
$w: .5em; // width of ends
$cover-dim: 2*($r - $exp); // dimension of the link cover
$angle: 15deg; // angle for a menu item
$skew-angle: 90deg - $angle; // how much to skew a menu item to $angle
$scale-factor: cos($skew-angle); // correction factor - see vimeo.com/98137613 from min 15
$off-angle: .125deg; // offset angle so we have a little space between menu items
// don't show the actual checkbox
input {
transform: translate(-100vw); // move offscreen
visibility: hidden; // avoid paint
}
// change state of menu to revealed on checking the checkbox
input:checked ~ ul {
transform: scale(1);
opacity: .999;
// ease out back from easings.net/#easeOutBack
transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275);
}
// position everything absolutely such that their left bottom corner
// is in the middle of the screen
label, ul, li {
position: absolute;
left: 50%; bottom: 50%;
}
// visual candy styles
label, a {
color: #858596;
font: 700 1em/ #{$d} sans-serif;
text-align: center;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e;
cursor: pointer;
}
label {
z-index: 2; // place it above the menu which has z-index: 1
margin: -$d/2; // position correction such that it's right in the middle
width: $d; height: $d;
border-radius: 50%;
box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white,
0 .125em .25em #876366,
0 .125em .5em #876366;
background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd);
}
ul {
z-index: 1;
margin: -$r + $exp + 1.5*$d 0; // position correction
padding: 0;
list-style: none;
transform-origin: 50% (-$r + $exp);
transform: scale(.001); // initial state: scaled down to invisible
will-change: transform; // better perf on transitioning transform
opacity: .001; // initial state: transparent
filter: drop-shadow(0 .125em .25em #847c77)
drop-shadow(0 .125em .5em #847c77);
// ease in back, also from easings.net
transition: .5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045);
// menu ends
&:before, &:after {
position: absolute;
margin: -$exp (-$w/2);
width: $w; height: $exp;
transform-origin: 50% 100%;
background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf);
content: '';
}
&:before {
border-radius: $w 0 0 $w;
transform: rotate(-.5*$n*$angle)
translate(-$w/2, -$r + $exp);
box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee;
}
&:after {
border-radius: 0 $w $w 0;
transform: rotate(.5*$n*$angle)
translate($w/2, -$r + $exp);
box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee;
}
}
li {
overflow: hidden;
width: $r; height: $r;
transform-origin: 0 100%;
@for $i from 0 to $n {
&:nth-child(#{$i + 1}) {
$curr-angle: $i*$angle +
($i + .5)*$off-angle -
.5*$n*($angle + $off-angle);
// make each list item a rhombus rotated around its bottom left corner
// see explanation from minute 33:10 youtube.com/watch?v=ehjoh_MmE9A
transform: rotate($curr-angle)
skewY(-$skew-angle)
scaleX($scale-factor);
// add tip for the item n the middle, just a rotated square
@if $i == ($n - 1)/2 {
a:after {
position: absolute;
top: $exp; left: 50%;
margin: -$tip/2;
width: $tip; height: $tip;
transform: rotate(45deg);
box-shadow:
inset -1px -1px 1px #eee;
background: linear-gradient(-45deg,
#bbb, #c9c4bf 50%);
content: '';
}
}
}
}
a, &:before {
margin: 0 (-$r);
width: 2*$r; height: 2*$r;
border-radius: 50%;
}
&:before, &:after {
position: absolute;
border-radius: 50%;
// undo distorting transforms from menu item (parent li)
transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor)
skewY($skew-angle);
content: '';
}
// actual background of the arched menu items
&:before {
box-shadow:
inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff,
inset 0 0 $exp #ebe7e2,
inset 0 0 1px ($exp - .0625em) #c9c4bf,
inset 0 0 0 $exp #dcdcdc;
}
// cover to prevent click action in between the star and menu items
&:after {
top: 100%; left: 0;
margin: -$cover-dim/2;
width: $cover-dim; height: $cover-dim;
border-radius: 50%;
}
}
a {
display: block;
// undo distorting transforms from menu item and rotate into right position
transform: scaleX(1/$scale-factor)
skewY($skew-angle)
rotate($angle/2);
line-height: $exp;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
}
html { overflow: hidden; background: url(http://i.imgur.com/AeFfmwL.jpg); } input { /* move offscreen */ -webkit-transform: translate(-100vw); -ms-transform: translate(-100vw); transform: translate(-100vw); /* avoid paint */ visibility: hidden; } input:checked ~ ul { -webkit-transform: scale(1); -ms-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: .999; /* ease out back from easings.net */ -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275); transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275); } label, ul, li { position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: 50%; } label, a { color: #858596; font: 700 1em/ 2em sans-serif; text-align: center; text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #6c6f7e; cursor: pointer; } label { z-index: 2; margin: -1em; width: 2em; height: 2em; border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 1px white, 0 .125em .25em #876366, 0 .125em .5em #876366; background: #d3d3d3; background: -webkit-radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd); background: radial-gradient(#d4c7c5, #e5e1dd); } ul { z-index: 1; margin: -10em 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; -webkit-transform-origin: 50% -13em; -ms-transform-origin: 50% -13em; transform-origin: 50% -13em; -webkit-transform: scale(0.001); -ms-transform: scale(0.001); transform: scale(0.001); /* for improved perf on transitioning transform * https://twitter.com/paul_irish/status/608492121734193152 */ will-change: transform; opacity: .001; -webkit-filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77); filter: drop-shadow(0 0.125em 0.25em #847c77); -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045); transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.6, -0.28, 0.735, 0.045); } ul:before, ul:after { position: absolute; margin: -3em -0.25em; width: 0.5em; height: 3em; -webkit-transform-origin: 50% 100%; -ms-transform-origin: 50% 100%; transform-origin: 50% 100%; background: #d3d3d3; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf); background: linear-gradient(#ddd, #c9c4bf); content: ''; } ul:before { border-radius: 0.5em 0 0 0.5em; -webkit-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em); -ms-transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em); transform: rotate(-22.5deg) translate(-0.25em, -13em); box-shadow: inset 1px 0 1px #eee; } ul:after { border-radius: 0 0.5em 0.5em 0; -webkit-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em); -ms-transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em); transform: rotate(22.5deg) translate(0.25em, -13em); box-shadow: inset -1px 0 1px #eee; } li { overflow: hidden; width: 16em; height: 16em; -webkit-transform-origin: 0 100%; -ms-transform-origin: 0 100%; transform-origin: 0 100%; } li:nth-child(1) { -webkit-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); -ms-transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); transform: rotate(-22.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); } li:nth-child(2) { -webkit-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); -ms-transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); transform: rotate(-7.5deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); } li:nth-child(2) a:after { position: absolute; top: 3em; left: 50%; margin: -0.375em; width: 0.75em; height: 0.75em; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -ms-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); box-shadow: inset -1px -1px 1px #eee; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(135deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%); background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bbb, #c9c4bf 50%); content: ''; } li:nth-child(3) { -webkit-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); -ms-transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); transform: rotate(7.625deg) skewY(-75deg) scaleX(0.25882); } li a, li:before { margin: 0 -16em; width: 32em; height: 32em; border-radius: 50%; } li:before, li:after { position: absolute; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg); -ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg); transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg); content: ''; } li:before { box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px 1px #fff, inset 0 0 3em #ebe7e2, inset 0 0 1px 2.9375em #c9c4bf, inset 0 0 0 3em #dcdcdc; } li:after { top: 100%; left: 0; margin: -13em; width: 26em; height: 26em; border-radius: 50%; } a { display: block; -webkit-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg); -ms-transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg); transform: scaleX(3.8637) skewY(75deg) rotate(7.5deg); line-height: 3em; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; } <input type='checkbox' id='t'/> <label for='t'>✰</label> <ul> <li><a href='#'>☀</a></li> <li><a href='#'>☃</a></li> <li><a href='#'>☁</a></li> </ul>
原来的答案
我尝试用纯CSS做一些事情:
demo
(点击星号)
适用于Chrome, Firefox(悬停时有点奇怪的模糊效果)，Opera(结尾看起来更小)和Safari(结尾看起来更小)。
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { overflow: hidden; } /* generic styles for button & circular menu */ .ctrl { position: absolute; top: 70%; left: 50%; font: 1.5em/1.13 Verdana, sans-serif; transition: .5s; } /* generic link styles */ a.ctrl, .ctrl a { display: block; opacity: .56; background: #c9c9c9; color: #7a8092; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0 -1px dimgrey; } a.ctrl:hover, .ctrl a:hover, a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { opacity: 1; } a.ctrl:focus, .ctrl a:focus { outline: none; } .button { z-index: 2; margin: -.625em; width: 1.25em; height: 1.25em; border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 0 3px 1px white; } /* circular menu */ .tip { z-index: 1; /**outline: dotted 1px white;/**/ margin: -5em; width: 10em; height: 10em; transform: scale(.001); list-style: none; opacity: 0; } /* the ends of the menu */ .tip:before, .tip:after { position: absolute; top: 34.3%; width: .5em; height: 14%; opacity: .56; background: #c9c9c9; content: ''; } .tip:before { left: 5.4%; border-radius: .25em 0 0 .25em; box-shadow: -1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset 1px 0 1px white, inset -1px 0 1px grey, inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white; transform: rotate(-75deg); } .tip:after { right: 5.4%; border-radius: 0 .25em .25em 0; box-shadow: 1px 0 1px dimgrey, inset -1px 0 1px white, inset 1px 0 1px grey, inset 0 1px 1px white, inset 0 -1px 1px white; transform: rotate(75deg); } /* make the menu appear on click */ .button:focus + .tip { transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } /* slices of the circular menu */ .slice { overflow: hidden; position: absolute; /**outline: dotted 1px yellow;/**/ width: 50%; height: 50%; transform-origin: 100% 100%; } /* * rotate each slice at the right angle = (A/2)° + (k - (n+1)/2)*A° * where A is the angle of 1 slice (30° in this case) * k is the number of the slice (in {1,2,3,4,5} here) * and n is the number of slices (5 in this case) * formula works for odd number of slices (n odd) * for even number of slices (n even) the rotation angle is (k - n/2)*A° * * after rotating, skew on Y by 90°-A°; here A° = the angle for 1 slice = 30° */ .slice:first-child { transform: rotate(-45deg) skewY(60deg); } .slice:nth-child(2) { transform: rotate(-15deg) skewY(60deg); } .slice:nth-child(3) { transform: rotate(15deg) skewY(60deg); } .slice:nth-child(4) { transform: rotate(45deg) skewY(60deg); } .slice:last-child { transform: rotate(75deg) skewY(60deg); } /* covers for the inner part of the links so there's no hover trigger between star button & menu links; give them a red background to see them */ .slice:after { position: absolute; top: 32%; left: 32%; width: 136%; height: 136%; border-radius: 50%; /* "unskew" = skew by minus the same angle by which parent was skewed */ transform: skewY(-60deg); content: ''; } /* menu links */ .slice a { width: 200%; height: 200%; border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 0 3px dimgrey, inset 0 0 4px white; /* "unskew" & rotate by -A°/2 */ transform: skewY(-60deg) rotate(-15deg); background: /* lateral separators */ linear-gradient(75deg, transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 36.5% 0, linear-gradient(-75deg, transparent 50%, grey 50%, transparent 54%) no-repeat 63.5% 0, /* make sure inner part is transparent */ radial-gradient(rgba(127,127,127,0) 49%, rgba(255,255,255,.7) 51%, #c9c9c9 52%); background-size: 15% 15%, 15% 15%, cover; line-height: 1.4; } /* arrow for middle link */ .slice:nth-child(3) a:after { position: absolute; top: 13%; left: 50%; margin: -.25em; width: .5em; height: .5em; box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px white; transform: rotate(45deg); background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #c9c9c9 50%, transparent 50%); content: ''; } <a class='button ctrl' href='#' tabindex='1'>★</a> <ul class='tip ctrl'> <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✦</a></li> <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✿</a></li> <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✵</a></li> <li class='slice'><a href='#'>✪</a></li> <li class='slice'><a href='#'>☀</a></li> </ul>
安娜的回答是厉害!这是很严肃的CSS-fu。
我的解决方案可能不是你所希望的，但这是另一种可能的解决方案。我现在正在开发一个指南针界面，它有类似风格的弧形按钮。我决定使用Raphael和SVG来开发它。
我在Illustrator中创建了一个弧线形状，导出了它的SVG，从导出的SVG文件中抓取了弧线的路径定义，并使用Raphael来构建我的界面。
这是它的JSFiddle。
下面是JavaScript代码:
var arc = {
fill: '#333',
stroke: '#333',
path: 'M53.286,44.333L69.081,7.904C48.084-1.199,23.615-2.294,0.648,6.78l14.59,36.928C28.008,38.662,41.612,39.27,53.286,44.333z'
};
var paper = Raphael(document.getElementById("notepad"), 500, 500);
var arcDegrees = 45;
var centerX = 210;
var centerY = 210;
var compassRadius = 68;
var currentlyActive = 45;
var directions = [
{label:'N', degrees:0, rotatedDegrees:270},
{label:'NE', degrees:45, rotatedDegrees:315},
{label:'E', degrees:90, rotatedDegrees:0},
{label:'SE', degrees:135, rotatedDegrees:45},
{label:'S', degrees:180, rotatedDegrees:90},
{label:'SW', degrees:225, rotatedDegrees:135},
{label:'W', degrees:270, rotatedDegrees:180},
{label:'NW', degrees:315, rotatedDegrees:225}
];
function arcClicked()
{
var label = $(this).data('direction-label');
$("#activeArc").attr('id', null);
$(this).attr('id', 'activeArc');
}
for (i = 0; i < 360; i += arcDegrees) {
var direction = _.find(directions, function(d) { return d.rotatedDegrees == i; });
var radians = i * (Math.PI / 180);
var x = centerX + Math.cos(radians) * compassRadius;
var y = centerY + Math.sin(radians) * compassRadius;
var newArc = paper.path(arc.path);
// newArc.translate(x, y);
// newArc.rotate(i + 89);
newArc.transform('T' + x + ',' + y + 'r' + (i + 89));
if (direction.degrees == currentlyActive) {
$(newArc.node).attr('id', 'activeArc');
}
$(newArc.node)
.attr('class', 'arc')
.data('direction-label', direction.label)
.on('click', arcClicked);
}
下面是相关的CSS:
#notepad {
background: #f7f7f7;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
.arc {
fill: #999;
stroke: #888;
cursor: pointer;
}
.arc:hover {
fill: #777;
stroke: #666;
}
#activeArc {
fill: #F18B21 !important;
stroke: #b86a19 !important;
}
另一种很好的方法是使用JavaScript进行定位。
演示+教程制作动画径向菜单
这种方法的优点是，你可以使用任意数量的元素，它将保持它们的径向定位，而无需更改任何CSS。
这里的JavaScript是:
var items = document.querySelectorAll('.circle a');
for(var i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) {
items[i].style.left = (50 - 35*Math.cos(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";
items[i].style.top = (50 + 35*Math.sin(-0.5 * Math.PI - 2*(1/l)*i*Math.PI)).toFixed(4) + "%";
}
document.querySelector('.menu-button').onclick = function(e) {
e.preventDefault(); document.querySelector('.circle').classList.toggle('open');
}
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