在python中是否有一种方法以编程方式确定控制台的宽度?我指的是一行中不换行的字符数,而不是窗口的像素宽度。
Edit
寻找在Linux上工作的解决方案
在python中是否有一种方法以编程方式确定控制台的宽度?我指的是一行中不换行的字符数,而不是窗口的像素宽度。
Edit
寻找在Linux上工作的解决方案
当前回答
从Python 3.3开始,它是直接的: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal
>>> import os
>>> ts = os.get_terminal_size()
>>> ts.lines
24
>>> ts.columns
80
其他回答
上面的代码在我的linux上没有返回正确的结果,因为winsize-struct有4个unsigned shorts,而不是2个signed shorts:
def terminal_size():
import fcntl, termios, struct
h, w, hp, wp = struct.unpack('HHHH',
fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGWINSZ,
struct.pack('HHHH', 0, 0, 0, 0)))
return w, h
HP和HP应该包含像素的宽度和高度,但不是。
从Python 3.3开始,它是直接的: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal
>>> import os
>>> ts = os.get_terminal_size()
>>> ts.lines
24
>>> ts.columns
80
@reannual的回答很好,但有一个问题:os。Popen现在已弃用。应该使用subprocess模块,所以这里有一个版本的@reannual的代码,它使用subprocess并直接回答了这个问题(通过直接将列宽度作为int值给出:
import subprocess
columns = int(subprocess.check_output(['stty', 'size']).split()[1])
在OS X 10.9上测试
如果在调用此脚本时没有控制终端,那么这里的许多Python 2实现都将失败。您可以检查sys.stdout.isatty()来确定这是否实际上是一个终端,但这将排除一些情况,因此我认为最python化的方法来计算终端大小是使用内置的curses包。
import curses
w = curses.initscr()
height, width = w.getmaxyx()
我四处寻找,找到了窗户的解决方案:
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/440694-determine-size-of-console-window-on-windows/
这里有一个Linux的解决方案。
下面是一个在linux、os x和windows/cygwin上都可以运行的版本:
""" getTerminalSize()
- get width and height of console
- works on linux,os x,windows,cygwin(windows)
"""
__all__=['getTerminalSize']
def getTerminalSize():
import platform
current_os = platform.system()
tuple_xy=None
if current_os == 'Windows':
tuple_xy = _getTerminalSize_windows()
if tuple_xy is None:
tuple_xy = _getTerminalSize_tput()
# needed for window's python in cygwin's xterm!
if current_os == 'Linux' or current_os == 'Darwin' or current_os.startswith('CYGWIN'):
tuple_xy = _getTerminalSize_linux()
if tuple_xy is None:
print "default"
tuple_xy = (80, 25) # default value
return tuple_xy
def _getTerminalSize_windows():
res=None
try:
from ctypes import windll, create_string_buffer
# stdin handle is -10
# stdout handle is -11
# stderr handle is -12
h = windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(-12)
csbi = create_string_buffer(22)
res = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(h, csbi)
except:
return None
if res:
import struct
(bufx, bufy, curx, cury, wattr,
left, top, right, bottom, maxx, maxy) = struct.unpack("hhhhHhhhhhh", csbi.raw)
sizex = right - left + 1
sizey = bottom - top + 1
return sizex, sizey
else:
return None
def _getTerminalSize_tput():
# get terminal width
# src: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/263890/how-do-i-find-the-width-height-of-a-terminal-window
try:
import subprocess
proc=subprocess.Popen(["tput", "cols"],stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output=proc.communicate(input=None)
cols=int(output[0])
proc=subprocess.Popen(["tput", "lines"],stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
output=proc.communicate(input=None)
rows=int(output[0])
return (cols,rows)
except:
return None
def _getTerminalSize_linux():
def ioctl_GWINSZ(fd):
try:
import fcntl, termios, struct, os
cr = struct.unpack('hh', fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ,'1234'))
except:
return None
return cr
cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(0) or ioctl_GWINSZ(1) or ioctl_GWINSZ(2)
if not cr:
try:
fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY)
cr = ioctl_GWINSZ(fd)
os.close(fd)
except:
pass
if not cr:
try:
cr = (env['LINES'], env['COLUMNS'])
except:
return None
return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0])
if __name__ == "__main__":
sizex,sizey=getTerminalSize()
print 'width =',sizex,'height =',sizey