在我的例子中，通过执行which模拟器，它返回$ANDROID_HOME/tools/emulator 但是它应该是$ANDROID_HOME/emulator/emulator

所以我只是在PATH变量$ANDROID_HOME/tools之前添加了$ANDROID_HOME/模拟器，现在它可以正常工作了

在macOS Mojave 10.14.5上测试。

原因及解决方法:

我们使用sdk/tools/emulator，我们应该使用sdk/emulator。

WM-C02WM0T3HTD8:~ zgong$ emulator -avd Pixel_3_XL_API_Q_x86
PANIC: Unknown AVD name [Pixel_3_XL_API_Q_x86], use -list-avds to see valid list.
HOME is defined but there is no file Pixel_3_XL_API_Q_x86.ini in $HOME/.android/avd
(Note: Directories are searched in the order $ANDROID_AVD_HOME, $ANDROID_SDK_HOME/avd, and $HOME/.android/avd)
WM-C02WM0T3HTD8:~ zgong$ emulator -avd Pixel_3_XL_API_Q
PANIC: Missing emulator engine program for 'x86' CPU.

我们可以检查模拟器的位置:

WM-C02WM0T3HTD8:~ zgong$ which emulator
/Users/zgong/Library/Android/sdk/tools/emulator

我在谷歌上搜索了一下，大部分答案都是关于 在终端中正确设置路径，结果是 与SDK最新版本的转变有关，其中模拟器 App位于/emulator而不是/tools。把这个留在这里 Case也遇到了同样的问题。

我们需要使用如下:

{sdk location}/ avd -模拟器{avd}

以下是实际输出:

WM-C02WM0T3HTD8:~ zgong$ /Users/zgong/Library/Android/sdk/emulator/emulator -avd Pixel_3_XL_API_Q
pc_memory_init: above 4g size: 40000000
emulator: WARNING: UpdateCheck: Failure: Error
emulator: WARNING: UpdateCheck: failed to get the latest version, skipping check (current version '29.2.1-5889189')
emulator: WARNING: UpdateCheck: Failure: Error
WebSocketServer listening on port 55850
Qt WebEngine ICU data not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/resources. Trying parent directory...
Qt WebEngine ICU data not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/resources. Trying parent directory...
Qt WebEngine ICU data not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64. Trying application directory...
Qt WebEngine ICU data not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64. Trying application directory...
Installed Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at location /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/translations/qtwebengine_locales. Trying application directory...
Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at location /Users/zgong/Library/Android/sdk/emulator/lib64/qt/libexec/qtwebengine_locales. Trying fallback directory... Translations MAY NOT not be correct.
Installed Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at location /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/translations/qtwebengine_locales. Trying application directory...
Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at location /Users/zgong/Library/Android/sdk/emulator/lib64/qt/libexec/qtwebengine_locales. Trying fallback directory... Translations MAY NOT not be correct.
Path override failed for key ui::DIR_LOCALES and path '/Users/zgong/.QtWebEngineProcess'
Path override failed for key ui::DIR_LOCALES and path '/Users/zgong/.QtWebEngineProcess'
Qt WebEngine resources not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/resources. Trying parent directory...
Qt WebEngine resources not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64. Trying application directory...
Qt WebEngine resources not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/resources. Trying parent directory...
Qt WebEngine resources not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64. Trying application directory...
[0403/154905.171893:WARNING:resource_bundle_qt.cpp(116)] locale_file_path.empty() for locale
[0403/154905.171871:WARNING:resource_bundle_qt.cpp(116)] locale_file_path.empty() for locale
Qt WebEngine ICU data not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/resources. Trying parent directory...
Qt WebEngine ICU data not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64. Trying application directory...
Installed Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at location /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/translations/qtwebengine_locales. Trying application directory...
Qt WebEngine locales directory not found at location /Users/zgong/Library/Android/sdk/emulator/lib64/qt/libexec/qtwebengine_locales. Trying fallback directory... Translations MAY NOT not be correct.
Path override failed for key ui::DIR_LOCALES and path '/Users/zgong/.QtWebEngineProcess'
Qt WebEngine resources not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64/resources. Trying parent directory...
Qt WebEngine resources not found at /Users/joshuaduong/qt-build-5.12.1/install-darwin-x86_64. Trying application directory...
[0403/154907.393116:WARNING:resource_bundle_qt.cpp(116)] locale_file_path.empty() for locale

参考: https://www.reddit.com/r/androiddev/comments/a978kx/mac_can_run_emulator_fine_through_android_studio/

尝试以下方法启动模拟器-x86:

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$SDK/tools/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$SDK/tools/emulator-x86 <your-other-options>

其中$SDK是SDK安装的路径。这就是“模拟器”试图做的事情。你可能想启动emulator64-x86而不是simulator -x86(如果前者存在的话)。

这个问题源于SDK的变化，因为模拟器现在有自己的目录。 我没有注意到(也不在乎)运行一个过时的模拟器，尽管它仍然可以工作… 这是一个停滞的SDK迁移。使用-verbose开关运行时:

emulator -avd Nexus_6_API_R -verbose

人们可以看到它开始恐慌的地方:

emulator:try dir C:\Android\tools
emulator:Looking for emulator-x86 to emulate 'x86' CPU
emulator:Probing program: C:\Android\tools/emulator-x86.exe
PANIC: Missing emulator engine program for 'x86' CPU.

但是没有可用的模拟器-x86.exe，实际的模拟器驻留在目录emulator中。在卸载“SDK Tools”(同时尝试重新安装它们)后，该条目意外地从列表中消失，留下一个空的工具目录，可以从PATH中删除和删除。

不需要也不建议使用x86_64仿真(因为这将运行已停止的仿真器版本)。通过卸载“SDK工具”来适应SDK路径的变化是“答案”。人们可能只是用PATH上的模拟器替换工具，但这留下了混乱。

作为比较，30.3.5.0版本的实际启动顺序应该是这样的:

emulator: Android emulator version 30.3.5.0 (build_id 7033400) (CL:N/A)
emulator: Found AVD name 'Nexus_6_API_R'
emulator: Found AVD target architecture: arm
emulator: argv[0]: 'emulator.exe'; program directory: 'C:\Android\emulator'

如果后续可能出现类似的错误:

PANIC: Broken AVD system path. Check your ANDROID_SDK_ROOT value

这意味着*.ini文件中的系统映像路径可能是错误的。它有助于下载x86系统映像，然后创建一个新的模拟器。

首先，检查你得到的模拟器路径，如果你得到/usr/local/share/android-sdk/tools/emulator，然后删除或重命名该模拟器(它是一个旧的)，而是使用/usr/local/share/android-sdk/emulator/emulator，这是新的路径。

如果你使用的是Homebrew，并且安装了brew cask，那么你需要:

验证你的.bashrc或.zshrc是否设置了正确的路径:

# Remove $HOME/Library/Android paths
# The new way is to use ANDROID_SDK_ROOT
export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT="/usr/local/share/android-sdk"
# For good measure, add old paths to be backwards compatible with any scripts or 
whatnot. And to hopefully decrease confusion:
export ANDROID_HOME=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT
export ANDROID_NDK_HOME=$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/ndk-bundle

然后重新启动你的终端shell，检查你的路径是否和你期望的一样: 设置| grep ANDROID 最后，在设置了正确的路径后，你通常需要安装ndk和一些工具: Sdkmanager "ndk-bundle" "cmake;3.10.2.4988404" "lldb;3.1" 并检查列表中的其他部分，如这个sdkmanager—list

我还关闭了Android Studio，删除了$HOME文件夹下的旧Android/Sdk文件夹，并重新启动Studio，当它询问我的Sdk去了哪里时，我粘贴了Sdk路径:/usr/local/share/ Android - Sdk

导航到位于Android SDK文件夹/ emulator内的模拟器文件夹

cd $ {ANDROID_HOME} /模拟器

然后输入这些命令打开模拟器，没有android studio:

$ ./emulator -list-avds
$ ./emulator -avd Nexus_5X_API_28_x86

Nexus_5X_API_28_x86是我的AVD，你需要给出你的AVD名称