The two most common ways to access properties in JavaScript are with a dot and with square brackets. Both value.x and value[x] access a property on value—but not necessarily the same property. The difference is in how x is interpreted. When using a dot, the part after the dot must be a valid variable name, and it directly names the property. When using square brackets, the expression between the brackets is evaluated to get the property name. Whereas value.x fetches the property of value named “x”, value[x] tries to evaluate the expression x and uses the result as the property name.

So if you know that the property you are interested in is called “length”, you say value.length. If you want to extract the property named by the value held in the variable i, you say value[i]. And because property names can be any string, if you want to access a property named “2” or “John Doe”, you must use square brackets: value[2] or value["John Doe"]. This is the case even though you know the precise name of the property in advance, because neither “2” nor “John Doe” is a valid variable name and so cannot be accessed through dot notation.

对于数组

数组中的元素存储在属性中。因为这些属性的名称都是数字，而且我们经常需要从变量中获取它们的名称，所以我们必须使用括号语法来访问它们。数组的length属性告诉我们它包含多少个元素。这个属性名是一个有效的变量名，我们事先知道它的名字，所以要找到一个数组的长度，你通常写array。长度，因为它比数组[" Length "]更容易写。

让我再添加一些方括号符号的用例。如果你想访问一个属性，比如对象中的x-proxy，那么-将被错误地解释。还有一些其他的情况，比如空格，点，等等，点运算对你没有帮助。另外，如果你在一个变量中有键，那么在一个对象中访问键值的唯一方法是用括号符号。希望你能了解更多的背景。

如果属性名有特殊字符，则需要使用括号:

var foo = {
    "Hello, world!": true,
}
foo["Hello, world!"] = false;

除此之外，我想这只是个人喜好的问题。恕我直言，点表示法更短，而且更明显地表明它是一个属性而不是数组元素(当然JavaScript没有关联数组)。

(来源此处)

方括号表示法允许使用点表示法不能使用的字符:

var foo = myForm.foo[];//错误的语法 var foo = myForm["foo[]"];//正确的语法

包括非ascii (UTF-8)字符，如myForm["ダ"](更多示例)。

其次，方括号符号在处理时很有用 以可预测的方式变化的属性名:

For (var I = 0;I < 10;我+ +){ someFunction(myForm["myControlNumber" + i]); ｝

摘要:

点表示法写起来更快，读起来更清楚。 方括号符号允许访问包含 特殊字符的选择 使用变量的属性

不能与点表示法一起使用的字符的另一个例子是本身包含点的属性名。

例如，json响应可以包含一个名为bar.Baz的属性。

var foo = myResponse.bar.Baz; // incorrect syntax
var foo = myResponse["bar.Baz"]; // correct syntax

一般来说，他们做同样的工作。 尽管如此，括号符号给了你做点符号做不到的事情的机会，比如

var x = elem["foo[]"]; // can't do elem.foo[];

这可以扩展到任何包含特殊字符的属性。

The two most common ways to access properties in JavaScript are with a dot and with square brackets. Both value.x and value[x] access a property on value—but not necessarily the same property. The difference is in how x is interpreted. When using a dot, the part after the dot must be a valid variable name, and it directly names the property. When using square brackets, the expression between the brackets is evaluated to get the property name. Whereas value.x fetches the property of value named “x”, value[x] tries to evaluate the expression x and uses the result as the property name.

So if you know that the property you are interested in is called “length”, you say value.length. If you want to extract the property named by the value held in the variable i, you say value[i]. And because property names can be any string, if you want to access a property named “2” or “John Doe”, you must use square brackets: value[2] or value["John Doe"]. This is the case even though you know the precise name of the property in advance, because neither “2” nor “John Doe” is a valid variable name and so cannot be accessed through dot notation.

对于数组

数组中的元素存储在属性中。因为这些属性的名称都是数字，而且我们经常需要从变量中获取它们的名称，所以我们必须使用括号语法来访问它们。数组的length属性告诉我们它包含多少个元素。这个属性名是一个有效的变量名，我们事先知道它的名字，所以要找到一个数组的长度，你通常写array。长度，因为它比数组[" Length "]更容易写。