我正在尝试将浏览器指向另一个页面。如果我想要GET请求,我可以说
document.location.href = 'http://example.com/q=a';
但是,除非我使用POST请求,否则我试图访问的资源将无法正确响应。如果这不是动态生成的,我可能会使用HTML
<form action="http://example.com/" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="q" value="a">
</form>
然后我只需从DOM提交表单。
但实际上,我希望JavaScript代码能够让我说
post_to_url('http://example.com/', {'q':'a'});
最好的跨浏览器实现是什么?
我需要一个改变浏览器位置的解决方案,就像提交表单一样。这不应该是异步的,也不应该使用XML,因此Ajax不是答案。
这是rakesh的答案,但支持数组(这在形式上很常见):
纯javascript:
function post_to_url(path, params, method) {
method = method || "post"; // Set method to post by default, if not specified.
// The rest of this code assumes you are not using a library.
// It can be made less wordy if you use one.
var form = document.createElement("form");
form.setAttribute("method", method);
form.setAttribute("action", path);
var addField = function( key, value ){
var hiddenField = document.createElement("input");
hiddenField.setAttribute("type", "hidden");
hiddenField.setAttribute("name", key);
hiddenField.setAttribute("value", value );
form.appendChild(hiddenField);
};
for(var key in params) {
if(params.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
if( params[key] instanceof Array ){
for(var i = 0; i < params[key].length; i++){
addField( key, params[key][i] )
}
}
else{
addField( key, params[key] );
}
}
}
document.body.appendChild(form);
form.submit();
}
哦,这里是jquery版本:(代码略有不同,但归结起来是相同的)
function post_to_url(path, params, method) {
method = method || "post"; // Set method to post by default, if not specified.
var form = $(document.createElement( "form" ))
.attr( {"method": method, "action": path} );
$.each( params, function(key,value){
$.each( value instanceof Array? value : [value], function(i,val){
$(document.createElement("input"))
.attr({ "type": "hidden", "name": key, "value": val })
.appendTo( form );
});
} );
form.appendTo( document.body ).submit();
}
接受的答案将像提交本地表单一样重新加载页面。此修改版本将通过XHR提交:
function post(path, params) {
const form = document.createElement('form');
for (const key in params) {
if (params.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
const hiddenField = document.createElement('input');
hiddenField.type = 'hidden';
hiddenField.name = key;
hiddenField.value = params[key];
form.appendChild(hiddenField);
}
}
var button = form.ownerDocument.createElement('input');
button.type = 'submit';
form.appendChild(button);
form.onsubmit = async function (e) {
console.log('hi');
e.preventDefault();
const form = e.currentTarget;
try {
const formData = new FormData(form);
const response = await fetch(path, {
method: 'POST',
body: formData,
});
console.log(response);
} catch (error) {
console.error(error);
}
};
document.body.appendChild(form);
button.click();
}
这是基于beauSD使用jQuery的代码。它得到了改进,因此可以递归地处理对象。
function post(url, params, urlEncoded, newWindow) {
var form = $('<form />').hide();
form.attr('action', url)
.attr('method', 'POST')
.attr('enctype', urlEncoded ? 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' : 'multipart/form-data');
if(newWindow) form.attr('target', '_blank');
function addParam(name, value, parent) {
var fullname = (parent.length > 0 ? (parent + '[' + name + ']') : name);
if(value instanceof Object) {
for(var i in value) {
addParam(i, value[i], fullname);
}
}
else $('<input type="hidden" />').attr({name: fullname, value: value}).appendTo(form);
};
addParam('', params, '');
$('body').append(form);
form.submit();
}
Rakesh Pai的回答令人惊讶,但当我试图发布一个名为submit的表单时,我(在Safari中)遇到了一个问题。例如,post_to_url(“http://google.com/“,{submit:”submit“});。我已经稍微修补了该函数,以避免这种变量空间冲突。
function post_to_url(path, params, method) {
method = method || "post";
var form = document.createElement("form");
//Move the submit function to another variable
//so that it doesn't get overwritten.
form._submit_function_ = form.submit;
form.setAttribute("method", method);
form.setAttribute("action", path);
for(var key in params) {
var hiddenField = document.createElement("input");
hiddenField.setAttribute("type", "hidden");
hiddenField.setAttribute("name", key);
hiddenField.setAttribute("value", params[key]);
form.appendChild(hiddenField);
}
document.body.appendChild(form);
form._submit_function_(); //Call the renamed function.
}
post_to_url("http://google.com/", { submit: "submit" } ); //Works!