我采用了@(Kirk Woll)建议的解决方案，它对我很有效。我还在“联系人”应用程序的Android源代码中看到，他们使用了类似的技术。我还想补充一些具体情况: 在我的listactivity派生类的顶部:

private static final String LIST_STATE = "listState";
private Parcelable mListState = null;

然后，一些方法重写:

@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle state) {
    super.onRestoreInstanceState(state);
    mListState = state.getParcelable(LIST_STATE);
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    loadData();
    if (mListState != null)
        getListView().onRestoreInstanceState(mListState);
    mListState = null;
}

@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle state) {
    super.onSaveInstanceState(state);
    mListState = getListView().onSaveInstanceState();
    state.putParcelable(LIST_STATE, mListState);
}

当然，“loadData”是我从DB中检索数据并将其放入列表的函数。

在我的Froyo设备上，当你改变手机方向时，当你编辑一个项目并返回列表时，这都是有效的。

如果你在一个活动上使用片段，你可以这样做:

public abstract class BaseFragment extends Fragment {
     private boolean mSaveView = false;
     private SoftReference<View> mViewReference;

     @Override
     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          if (mSaveView) {
               if (mViewReference != null) {
                    final View savedView = mViewReference.get();
                    if (savedView != null) {
                         if (savedView.getParent() != null) {
                              ((ViewGroup) savedView.getParent()).removeView(savedView);
                              return savedView;
                         }
                    }
               }
          }

          final View view = inflater.inflate(getFragmentResource(), container, false);
          mViewReference = new SoftReference<View>(view);
          return view;
     }

     protected void setSaveView(boolean value) {
           mSaveView = value;
     }
}

public class MyFragment extends BaseFragment {
     @Override
     public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          setSaveView(true);
          final View view = super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
          ListView placesList = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.places_list);
          if (placesList.getAdapter() == null) {
               placesList.setAdapter(createAdapter());
          }
     }
}

对于一些正在寻找此问题解决方案的人来说，问题的根源可能在于您设置列表视图适配器的位置。在列表视图上设置适配器后，它将重置滚动位置。只是需要考虑一下。我移动设置适配器到我的onCreateView后，我们抓取引用到列表视图，它解决了我的问题。=)

一个非常简单的方法:

/** Save the position **/
int currentPosition = listView.getFirstVisiblePosition();

//Here u should save the currentPosition anywhere

/** Restore the previus saved position **/
listView.setSelection(savedPosition);

方法setSelection将把列表重置为所提供的项。如果不是在触摸模式，项目将实际被选中，如果在触摸模式，项目将只定位在屏幕上。

一个更复杂的方法:

listView.setOnScrollListener(this);

//Implements the interface:
@Override
public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem,
            int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) {
    mCurrentX = view.getScrollX();
    mCurrentY = view.getScrollY();
}

@Override
public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {

}

//Save anywere the x and the y

/** Restore: **/
listView.scrollTo(savedX, savedY);

这里提供的解决方案似乎都不适合我。在我的情况下，我有一个ListView在一个片段，我替换在一个FragmentTransaction，所以一个新的片段实例创建每次片段显示，这意味着ListView状态不能存储为片段的成员。

相反，我最终将状态存储在我的自定义Application类中。下面的代码应该会让你了解它是如何工作的:

public class MyApplication extends Application {
    public static HashMap<String, Parcelable> parcelableCache = new HashMap<>();


    /* ... code omitted for brevity ... */
}

public class MyFragment extends Fragment{
    private ListView mListView = null;
    private MyAdapter mAdapter = null;


    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);

        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(getActivity(), null, 0);
        mListView = ((ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.myListView));

        Parcelable listViewState = MyApplication.parcelableCache.get("my_listview_state");
        if( listViewState != null )
            mListView.onRestoreInstanceState(listViewState);
    }


    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        MyApplication.parcelableCache.put("my_listview_state", mListView.onSaveInstanceState());
        super.onPause();
    }

    /* ... code omitted for brevity ... */

}

基本思想是将状态存储在片段实例之外。如果您不喜欢在应用程序类中拥有静态字段的想法，我猜您可以通过实现一个片段接口并将状态存储在您的活动中来实现它。

另一种解决方案是将其存储在SharedPreferences中，但这有点复杂，您需要确保在应用程序启动时清除它，除非您希望在应用程序启动时保持状态。

另外，为了避免“当第一项可见时滚动位置不保存”，你可以显示一个0px高度的虚拟第一项。这可以通过重写适配器中的getView()来实现，如下所示:

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if( position == 0 ) {
        View zeroHeightView = new View(parent.getContext());
        zeroHeightView.setLayoutParams(new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(0, 0));
        return zeroHeightView;
    }
    else
        return super.getView(position, convertView, parent);
}

If you are saving/restoring scroll position of ListView yourself you are essentially duplicating the functionality already implemented in android framework. The ListView restores fine scroll position just well on its own except one caveat: as @aaronvargas mentioned there is a bug in AbsListView that won't let to restore fine scroll position for the first list item. Nevertheless the best way to restore scroll position is not to restore it. Android framework will do it better for you. Just make sure you have met the following conditions:

确保你没有调用setSaveEnabled(false)方法，也没有为xml布局文件中的列表设置android:saveEnabled="false"属性 为ExpandableListView重写long getCombinedChildId(long groupId, long childId)方法，使其返回正长数(BaseExpandableListAdapter类中的默认实现返回负数)。下面是一些例子:

.

@Override
public long getChildId(int groupPosition, int childPosition) {
    return 0L | groupPosition << 12 | childPosition;
}

@Override
public long getCombinedChildId(long groupId, long childId) {
    return groupId << 32 | childId << 1 | 1;
}

@Override
public long getGroupId(int groupPosition) {
    return groupPosition;
}

@Override
public long getCombinedGroupId(long groupId) {
    return (groupId & 0x7FFFFFFF) << 32;
}

如果在一个片段中使用了ListView或ExpandableListView，不要在活动重新创建片段(例如在屏幕旋转后)。使用findFragmentByTag(String标签)方法获取片段。 确保ListView有一个唯一的android:id。

To avoid aforementioned caveat with first list item you can craft your adapter the way it returns special dummy zero pixels height view for the ListView at position 0. Here is the simple example project shows ListView and ExpandableListView restore their fine scroll positions whereas their scroll positions are not explicitly saved/restored. Fine scroll position is restored perfectly even for the complex scenarios with temporary switching to some other application, double screen rotation and switching back to the test application. Please note, if you are explicitly exiting the application (by pressing the Back button) the scroll position won't be saved (as well as all other Views won't save their state). https://github.com/voromto/RestoreScrollPosition/releases