我有同样的问题，并能够通过手动删除碎片类的onDestroy()方法中的MapFragment来解决。下面是在XML中通过ID引用MapFragment的代码:

@Override
public void onDestroyView() {
    super.onDestroyView();
    MapFragment f = (MapFragment) getFragmentManager()
                                         .findFragmentById(R.id.map);
    if (f != null) 
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().remove(f).commit();
}

如果你不手动删除MapFragment，它会一直挂在那里，这样就不会花费很多资源来重新创建/显示地图视图。看起来，保持底层MapView对于在选项卡之间来回切换是很好的，但是当在片段中使用时，这种行为会导致在每个新的MapFragment上创建一个具有相同ID的重复MapView。解决方案是手动删除MapFragment，从而在每次膨胀片段时重新创建底层映射。

我在另一个答案[1]中也提到了这一点。

我今天已经浪费了几个小时来寻找原因，幸运的是这个问题不是因为MapFragment实现，幸运的是，这并不奏效，因为嵌套片段只通过rev 11的支持库支持。

我的实现有一个带有actionbar(在选项卡模式下)的活动，有两个选项卡(没有viewpager)，一个有地图，另一个有条目列表。当然，我很天真地在我的标签片段中使用MapFragment，等我每次切换回地图标签时，应用程序就崩溃了。

(同样的问题，我也会有情况下，我的制表符片段将膨胀任何布局包含任何其他片段)。

一种选择是使用MapView(而不是MapFragment)，尽管有一些开销(请参阅layout.xml中的MapView Docs作为dropin替代品，另一种选择是使用从rev. 11开始的支持库，但随后采用编程方法，因为布局不支持嵌套片段。或者只是通过显式地破坏片段以编程方式工作(就像Matt / Vidar的答案一样)，顺便说一句:使用MapView(选项1)也能达到同样的效果。

但实际上，我不想每次我tab离开的时候都丢失地图，也就是说，我想把它保存在内存中，只有在活动关闭时才清理，所以我决定在tab时简单地隐藏/显示地图，参见FragmentTransaction / hide

尝试为你的mapView父布局设置一个id (android:id="@+id/maps_dialog")。对我有用。

这里需要注意的是，你的应用程序在两种情况下都会严重崩溃:-

1) In order to reuse fragment with Maps again MapView Fragment must be removed when your fragment showing Maps got replaced with other fragment in onDestroyView callback. else when you try to inflate same fragment twice Duplicate ID, tag null, or parent id with another fragment for com.google.android.gms.maps.MapFragment error will happen. 2) Secondly you must not mix app.Fragment operations with android.support.v4.app.Fragment API operations eg.do not use android.app.FragmentTransaction to remove v4.app.Fragment type MapView Fragment. Mixing this will again result into crash from fragment side.

下面是正确使用MapView的示例代码片段

import android.content.Context;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.google.android.gms.maps.CameraUpdateFactory;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap.OnMapClickListener;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.MapFragment;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.BitmapDescriptorFactory;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.CameraPosition;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.LatLng;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.MarkerOptions;
import com.serveroverload.yago.R;

/**
 * @author 663918
 *
 */
public class HomeFragment extends Fragment implements LocationListener {
    // Class to do operations on the Map
    GoogleMap googleMap;
    private LocationManager locationManager;

    public static Fragment newInstance() {
        return new HomeFragment();
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.home_fragment, container, false);
        Bundle bdl = getArguments();

        // setuping locatiomanager to perfrom location related operations
        locationManager = (LocationManager) getActivity().getSystemService(
                Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

        // Requesting locationmanager for location updates
        locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
                LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 1, 1, this);

        // To get map from MapFragment from layout
        googleMap = ((MapFragment) getActivity().getFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentById(R.id.map)).getMap();

        // To change the map type to Satellite
        // googleMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_SATELLITE);

        // To show our current location in the map with dot
        // googleMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);

        // To listen action whenever we click on the map
        googleMap.setOnMapClickListener(new OnMapClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onMapClick(LatLng latLng) {
                /*
                 * LatLng:Class will give us selected position lattigude and
                 * longitude values
                 */
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), latLng.toString(),
                        Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });

        changeMapMode(2);

        // googleMap.setSatellite(true);
        googleMap.setTrafficEnabled(true);
        googleMap.setBuildingsEnabled(true);
        googleMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);

        return v;
    }

    private void doZoom() {
        if (googleMap != null) {
            googleMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                    new LatLng(18.520430, 73.856744), 17));
        }
    }

    private void changeMapMode(int mapMode) {

        if (googleMap != null) {
            switch (mapMode) {
            case 0:
                googleMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_NONE);
                break;

            case 1:
                googleMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_NORMAL);
                break;

            case 2:
                googleMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_SATELLITE);
                break;

            case 3:
                googleMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_TERRAIN);
                break;

            case 4:
                googleMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_HYBRID);
                break;

            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    private void createMarker(double latitude, double longitude) {
        // double latitude = 17.385044;
        // double longitude = 78.486671;

        // lets place some 10 random markers
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            // random latitude and logitude
            double[] randomLocation = createRandLocation(latitude, longitude);

            // Adding a marker
            MarkerOptions marker = new MarkerOptions().position(
                    new LatLng(randomLocation[0], randomLocation[1])).title(
                    "Hello Maps " + i);

            Log.e("Random", "> " + randomLocation[0] + ", " + randomLocation[1]);

            // changing marker color
            if (i == 0)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_AZURE));
            if (i == 1)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_BLUE));
            if (i == 2)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_CYAN));
            if (i == 3)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_GREEN));
            if (i == 4)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_MAGENTA));
            if (i == 5)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_ORANGE));
            if (i == 6)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_RED));
            if (i == 7)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_ROSE));
            if (i == 8)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_VIOLET));
            if (i == 9)
                marker.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory
                        .defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_YELLOW));

            googleMap.addMarker(marker);

            // Move the camera to last position with a zoom level
            if (i == 9) {
                CameraPosition cameraPosition = new CameraPosition.Builder()
                        .target(new LatLng(randomLocation[0], randomLocation[1]))
                        .zoom(15).build();

                googleMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory
                        .newCameraPosition(cameraPosition));
            }
        }

    }

    /*
     * creating random postion around a location for testing purpose only
     */
    private double[] createRandLocation(double latitude, double longitude) {

        return new double[] { latitude + ((Math.random() - 0.5) / 500),
                longitude + ((Math.random() - 0.5) / 500),
                150 + ((Math.random() - 0.5) * 10) };
    }

    @Override
    public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {

        if (null != googleMap) {
            // To get lattitude value from location object
            double latti = location.getLatitude();
            // To get longitude value from location object
            double longi = location.getLongitude();

            // To hold lattitude and longitude values
            LatLng position = new LatLng(latti, longi);

            createMarker(latti, longi);

            // Creating object to pass our current location to the map
            MarkerOptions markerOptions = new MarkerOptions();
            // To store current location in the markeroptions object
            markerOptions.position(position);

            // Zooming to our current location with zoom level 17.0f
            googleMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(position,
                    17f));

            // adding markeroptions class object to the map to show our current
            // location in the map with help of default marker
            googleMap.addMarker(markerOptions);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onDestroyView();

        locationManager.removeUpdates(this);

        android.app.Fragment fragment = getActivity().getFragmentManager()
                .findFragmentById(R.id.map);
        if (null != fragment) {
            android.app.FragmentTransaction ft = getActivity()
                    .getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.remove(fragment);
            ft.commit();
        }
    }

}

XML

 <fragment
        android:id="@+id/map"
        android:name="com.google.android.gms.maps.MapFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
       />

结果如下所示:-

希望它能帮助到某人。

对于那些仍然遇到这个问题的人来说，确保您不会在Tab中的Map中得到这个错误的最好方法是使Fragment扩展SupportMapFragment，而不是在用于Tab的Fragment中嵌套SupportMapFragment。

我刚刚得到这个工作使用一个ViewPager与FragmentPagerAdapter，与SupportMapFragment在第三个选项卡。

这里是一般的结构，注意没有必要重写onCreateView()方法，也没有必要膨胀任何布局xml:

public class MapTabFragment extends SupportMapFragment 
                                    implements OnMapReadyCallback {

    private GoogleMap mMap;
    private Marker marker;


    public MapTabFragment() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();

        setUpMapIfNeeded();
    }

    private void setUpMapIfNeeded() {

        if (mMap == null) {

            getMapAsync(this);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {

        mMap = googleMap;
        setUpMap();
    }

    private void setUpMap() {

        mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
        mMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_HYBRID);
        mMap.getUiSettings().setMapToolbarEnabled(false);


        mMap.setOnMapClickListener(new GoogleMap.OnMapClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onMapClick(LatLng point) {

                //remove previously placed Marker
                if (marker != null) {
                    marker.remove();
                }

                //place marker where user just clicked
                marker = mMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions().position(point).title("Marker")
                        .icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_MAGENTA)));

            }
        });

    }


}

结果:

以下是我用来测试的完整类代码，其中包括用于前两个选项卡的占位符片段，以及用于第三个选项卡的映射片段:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ActionBar.TabListener{


    SectionsPagerAdapter mSectionsPagerAdapter;

    ViewPager mViewPager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mSectionsPagerAdapter = new SectionsPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());

        // Set up the ViewPager with the sections adapter.
        mViewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);
        mViewPager.setAdapter(mSectionsPagerAdapter);

        final ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
        actionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);

        mViewPager.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.SimpleOnPageChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPageSelected(int position) {
                actionBar.setSelectedNavigationItem(position);
            }
        });

        for (int i = 0; i < mSectionsPagerAdapter.getCount(); i++) {
            actionBar.addTab(actionBar.newTab().setText(mSectionsPagerAdapter.getPageTitle(i)).setTabListener(this));
        }

    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

        int id = item.getItemId();

        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

    @Override
    public void onTabSelected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {
        mViewPager.setCurrentItem(tab.getPosition());
    }

    @Override
    public void onTabUnselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onTabReselected(ActionBar.Tab tab, FragmentTransaction ft) {

    }


    public class SectionsPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

        public SectionsPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
            super(fm);
        }

        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {

            switch (position) {
                case 0:
                    return PlaceholderFragment.newInstance(position + 1);
                case 1:
                    return PlaceholderFragment.newInstance(position + 1);
                case 2:
                    return MapTabFragment.newInstance(position + 1);
            }

            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            // Show 3 total pages.
            return 3;
        }

        @Override
        public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
            Locale l = Locale.getDefault();

            switch (position) {
                case 0:
                    return getString(R.string.title_section1).toUpperCase(l);
                case 1:
                    return getString(R.string.title_section2).toUpperCase(l);
                case 2:
                    return getString(R.string.title_section3).toUpperCase(l);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }


    public static class PlaceholderFragment extends Fragment {

        private static final String ARG_SECTION_NUMBER = "section_number";

        TextView text;

        public static PlaceholderFragment newInstance(int sectionNumber) {
            PlaceholderFragment fragment = new PlaceholderFragment();
            Bundle args = new Bundle();
            args.putInt(ARG_SECTION_NUMBER, sectionNumber);
            fragment.setArguments(args);
            return fragment;
        }

        public PlaceholderFragment() {
        }

        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                                 Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);

            text = (TextView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.section_label);
            text.setText("placeholder");

            return rootView;
        }
    }

    public static class MapTabFragment extends SupportMapFragment implements
            OnMapReadyCallback {

        private static final String ARG_SECTION_NUMBER = "section_number";

        private GoogleMap mMap;
        private Marker marker;


        public static MapTabFragment newInstance(int sectionNumber) {
            MapTabFragment fragment = new MapTabFragment();
            Bundle args = new Bundle();
            args.putInt(ARG_SECTION_NUMBER, sectionNumber);
            fragment.setArguments(args);
            return fragment;
        }

        public MapTabFragment() {
        }

        @Override
        public void onResume() {
            super.onResume();

            Log.d("MyMap", "onResume");
            setUpMapIfNeeded();
        }

        private void setUpMapIfNeeded() {

            if (mMap == null) {

                Log.d("MyMap", "setUpMapIfNeeded");

                getMapAsync(this);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onMapReady(GoogleMap googleMap) {
            Log.d("MyMap", "onMapReady");
            mMap = googleMap;
            setUpMap();
        }

        private void setUpMap() {

            mMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
            mMap.setMapType(GoogleMap.MAP_TYPE_HYBRID);
            mMap.getUiSettings().setMapToolbarEnabled(false);


            mMap.setOnMapClickListener(new GoogleMap.OnMapClickListener() {

                @Override
                public void onMapClick(LatLng point) {

                    Log.d("MyMap", "MapClick");

                    //remove previously placed Marker
                    if (marker != null) {
                        marker.remove();
                    }

                    //place marker where user just clicked
                    marker = mMap.addMarker(new MarkerOptions().position(point).title("Marker")
                            .icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_MAGENTA)));

                    Log.d("MyMap", "MapClick After Add Marker");

                }
            });

        }
    }
}

我在viewPager中有这个，崩溃是因为任何片段都必须有自己的标签，相同片段的重复标签或id是不允许的。