有时，我发现在已接受的答案中描述的方法不起作用，特别是当分隔符是回车符时。 在这些情况下，我是这样解决的:

string='first line
second line
third line'

oldIFS="$IFS"
IFS='
'
IFS=${IFS:0:1} # this is useful to format your code with tabs
lines=( $string )
IFS="$oldIFS"

for line in "${lines[@]}"
    do
        echo "--> $line"
done

#!/bin/bash

string="a | b c"
pattern=' | '

# replaces pattern with newlines
splitted="$(sed "s/$pattern/\n/g" <<< "$string")"

# Reads lines and put them in array
readarray -t array2 <<< "$splitted"

# Prints number of elements
echo ${#array2[@]}
# Prints all elements
for a in "${array2[@]}"; do
        echo "> '$a'"
done

此解决方案适用于较大的分隔符(多个字符)。 如果在原始字符串中已经有换行符，则不工作

接受的答案适用于一行中的值。如果变量有几行:

string='first line
        second line
        third line'

我们需要一个非常不同的命令来获取所有的行:

While read -r line;做线+ =(“美元线”);完成了< < <字符串" $ "

或者更简单的bash readarray:

readarray -t lines <<<"$string"

利用printf特性很容易打印所有行:

printf ">[%s]\n" "${lines[@]}"

>[first line]
>[        second line]
>[        third line]

不要更改IFS!

下面是一个简单的bash一行代码:

read -a my_array <<< $(echo ${INPUT_STRING} | tr -d ' ' | tr ',' ' ')

另一种方法是:

string="Paris, France, Europe"
IFS=', ' arr=(${string})

现在你的元素被存储在“arr”数组中。 要遍历元素:

for i in ${arr[@]}; do echo $i; done

这是我的破解方法!

使用bash拆分字符串是一件非常无聊的事情。实际情况是，我们有有限的方法，只能在少数情况下工作(被“;”，“/”，“.”等等分开)，或者我们在输出中有各种副作用。

下面的方法需要一些操作，但我相信它可以满足我们的大部分需求!

#!/bin/bash

# --------------------------------------
# SPLIT FUNCTION
# ----------------

F_SPLIT_R=()
f_split() {
    : 'It does a "split" into a given string and returns an array.

    Args:
        TARGET_P (str): Target string to "split".
        DELIMITER_P (Optional[str]): Delimiter used to "split". If not 
    informed the split will be done by spaces.

    Returns:
        F_SPLIT_R (array): Array with the provided string separated by the 
    informed delimiter.
    '

    F_SPLIT_R=()
    TARGET_P=$1
    DELIMITER_P=$2
    if [ -z "$DELIMITER_P" ] ; then
        DELIMITER_P=" "
    fi

    REMOVE_N=1
    if [ "$DELIMITER_P" == "\n" ] ; then
        REMOVE_N=0
    fi

    # NOTE: This was the only parameter that has been a problem so far! 
    # By Questor
    # [Ref.: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/390732/61742]
    if [ "$DELIMITER_P" == "./" ] ; then
        DELIMITER_P="[.]/"
    fi

    if [ ${REMOVE_N} -eq 1 ] ; then

        # NOTE: Due to bash limitations we have some problems getting the 
        # output of a split by awk inside an array and so we need to use 
        # "line break" (\n) to succeed. Seen this, we remove the line breaks 
        # momentarily afterwards we reintegrate them. The problem is that if 
        # there is a line break in the "string" informed, this line break will 
        # be lost, that is, it is erroneously removed in the output! 
        # By Questor
        TARGET_P=$(awk 'BEGIN {RS="dn"} {gsub("\n", "3F2C417D448C46918289218B7337FCAF"); printf $0}' <<< "${TARGET_P}")

    fi

    # NOTE: The replace of "\n" by "3F2C417D448C46918289218B7337FCAF" results 
    # in more occurrences of "3F2C417D448C46918289218B7337FCAF" than the 
    # amount of "\n" that there was originally in the string (one more 
    # occurrence at the end of the string)! We can not explain the reason for 
    # this side effect. The line below corrects this problem! By Questor
    TARGET_P=${TARGET_P%????????????????????????????????}

    SPLIT_NOW=$(awk -F"$DELIMITER_P" '{for(i=1; i<=NF; i++){printf "%s\n", $i}}' <<< "${TARGET_P}")

    while IFS= read -r LINE_NOW ; do
        if [ ${REMOVE_N} -eq 1 ] ; then

            # NOTE: We use "'" to prevent blank lines with no other characters 
            # in the sequence being erroneously removed! We do not know the 
            # reason for this side effect! By Questor
            LN_NOW_WITH_N=$(awk 'BEGIN {RS="dn"} {gsub("3F2C417D448C46918289218B7337FCAF", "\n"); printf $0}' <<< "'${LINE_NOW}'")

            # NOTE: We use the commands below to revert the intervention made 
            # immediately above! By Questor
            LN_NOW_WITH_N=${LN_NOW_WITH_N%?}
            LN_NOW_WITH_N=${LN_NOW_WITH_N#?}

            F_SPLIT_R+=("$LN_NOW_WITH_N")
        else
            F_SPLIT_R+=("$LINE_NOW")
        fi
    done <<< "$SPLIT_NOW"
}

# --------------------------------------
# HOW TO USE
# ----------------

STRING_TO_SPLIT="
 * How do I list all databases and tables using psql?

\"
sudo -u postgres /usr/pgsql-9.4/bin/psql -c \"\l\"
sudo -u postgres /usr/pgsql-9.4/bin/psql <DB_NAME> -c \"\dt\"
\"

\"
\list or \l: list all databases
\dt: list all tables in the current database
\"

[Ref.: https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/1285/how-do-i-list-all-databases-and-tables-using-psql]


"

f_split "$STRING_TO_SPLIT" "bin/psql -c"

# --------------------------------------
# OUTPUT AND TEST
# ----------------

ARR_LENGTH=${#F_SPLIT_R[*]}
for (( i=0; i<=$(( $ARR_LENGTH -1 )); i++ )) ; do
    echo " > -----------------------------------------"
    echo "${F_SPLIT_R[$i]}"
    echo " < -----------------------------------------"
done

if [ "$STRING_TO_SPLIT" == "${F_SPLIT_R[0]}bin/psql -c${F_SPLIT_R[1]}" ] ; then
    echo " > -----------------------------------------"
    echo "The strings are the same!"
    echo " < -----------------------------------------"
fi