Important Note: As of mid-2018, the process to get twitter API tokens became a lot more bureaucratic. It has taken me over one working week to be provided a set of API tokens, and this is for an open source project for you guys and girls with over 1.2 million installations on Packagist and 1.6k stars on Github, which theoretically should be higher priority. If you are tasked with working with the twitter API for your work, you must take this potentially extremely long wait-time into account. Also consider other social media avenues like Facebook or Instagram and provide these options, as the process for retrieving their tokens is instant.

---

所以您想使用Twitter v1.1 API?

注意:这些文件都在GitHub上。

1.0版本将很快被弃用，未经授权的请求将不被允许。因此，这里有一篇文章可以帮助您做到这一点，并提供了一个PHP类，使您的工作更轻松。

1. 创建一个开发者账号:在Twitter上创建一个开发者账号

您需要访问Twitter官方开发人员网站并注册一个开发人员帐户。 这是为v1.1 API发出请求的自由且必要的步骤。

2. 创建应用程序:在Twitter开发人员站点上创建应用程序

什么?你以为你可以发出未经验证的请求吗?Twitter的v1.1 API不是这样的。 您需要访问http://dev.twitter.com/apps并点击“创建应用程序”按钮。

在这一页上，你想填什么细节就填什么。对我来说，这并不重要，因为我只是想发出大量的屏蔽请求来摆脱垃圾邮件关注者。关键在于，您将获得一组用于应用程序的惟一键。

因此，创建应用程序的重点是为自己(和Twitter)提供一组密钥。这些都是:

消费者的钥匙 消费者的秘密 访问令牌 访问令牌秘密

这里有一些关于这些标记的信息。

3.创建访问令牌:您需要这些令牌才能成功发出请求

OAuth请求一些令牌。所以你需要为你生成它们。

点击底部的“创建我的访问令牌”。然后再次滚动到底部，就会有一些新生成的键。你需要从这个页面为你的API调用抓取之前标记的四个键，所以在某个地方记下它们。

4. 更改访问级别:您不希望只读，对吗?

如果您希望更好地使用这个API，如果您使用GET请求进行标准数据检索以外的操作，则需要将设置更改为Read & Write。

选择页面顶部的“设置”选项卡。

给你的应用读/写权限，然后点击底部的“更新”。

您可以在这里阅读更多关于Twitter使用的应用程序权限模型的信息。

---

5. 编写访问API的代码:我已经为您完成了大部分工作

我将上面的代码(经过一些修改和更改)合并到一个PHP类中，这样就可以非常简单地发出所需的请求。

它使用OAuth和Twitter v1.1 API，以及我创建的类，您可以在下面找到它。

require_once('TwitterAPIExchange.php');

/** Set access tokens here - see: https://dev.twitter.com/apps/ **/
$settings = array(
    'oauth_access_token' => "YOUR_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN",
    'oauth_access_token_secret' => "YOUR_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET",
    'consumer_key' => "YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY",
    'consumer_secret' => "YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET"
);

确保将从应用程序中获得的键放在上面各自的位置。

接下来，您需要选择一个要向其发出请求的URL。Twitter有它们的API文档来帮助您选择URL和请求类型(POST或GET)。

/** URL for REST request, see: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/ **/
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/blocks/create.json';
$requestMethod = 'POST';

在文档中，每个URL都说明了可以传递给它的内容。如果我们使用“blocks”URL，就像上面那样，我可以传递以下POST参数:

/** POST fields required by the URL above. See relevant docs as above **/
$postfields = array(
    'screen_name' => 'usernameToBlock', 
    'skip_status' => '1'
);

现在您已经设置了要使用API做的事情，接下来是发出实际请求的时候了。

/** Perform the request and echo the response **/
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
echo $twitter->buildOauth($url, $requestMethod)
             ->setPostfields($postfields)
             ->performRequest();

对于POST请求，就是这样!

对于GET请求，略有不同。这里有一个例子:

/** Note: Set the GET field BEFORE calling buildOauth(); **/
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/followers/ids.json';
$getfield = '?username=J7mbo';
$requestMethod = 'GET';
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
echo $twitter->setGetfield($getfield)
             ->buildOauth($url, $requestMethod)
             ->performRequest();     

---

最后的代码示例:对于我的关注者列表的简单GET请求。

$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/followers/list.json';
$getfield = '?username=J7mbo&skip_status=1';
$requestMethod = 'GET';
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
echo $twitter->setGetfield($getfield)
             ->buildOauth($url, $requestMethod)
             ->performRequest();  

我把这些文件放在GitHub上，并归功于@lackovic10和@rivers!我希望有人觉得它有用;我知道我做到了(我在循环中使用它进行批量阻塞)。

另外，对于那些在Windows上遇到SSL证书问题的人，请参阅这篇文章。这个库在底层使用cURL，所以你需要确保你已经设置了cURL certs。谷歌也是你的朋友。

感谢这个帖子，尤其是budidino，因为他的代码让我明白了这一点。 只是想贡献一下如何从请求中检索JSON数据。 更改“//create request”请求数组部分的代码以执行不同的请求。最终，这将把JSON输出到浏览器屏幕上

<?php
    function buildBaseString($baseURI, $method, $params) {
    $r = array();
    ksort($params);
    foreach($params as $key=>$value){
        $r[] = "$key=" . rawurlencode($value);
    }
    return $method."&" . rawurlencode($baseURI) . '&' . rawurlencode(implode('&', $r));
}

function buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth) {
    $r = 'Authorization: OAuth ';
    $values = array();
    foreach($oauth as $key=>$value)
        $values[] = "$key=\"" . rawurlencode($value) . "\"";
    $r .= implode(', ', $values);
    return $r;
}

function returnTweet(){
    $oauth_access_token         = "2602299919-lP6mgkqAMVwvHM1L0Cplw8idxJzvuZoQRzyMkOx";
    $oauth_access_token_secret  = "wGWny2kz67hGdnLe3Uuy63YZs4nIGs8wQtCU7KnOT5brS";
    $consumer_key               = "zAzJRrPOj5BvOsK5QhscKogVQ";
    $consumer_secret            = "Uag0ujVJomqPbfdoR2UAWbRYhjzgoU9jeo7qfZHCxR6a6ozcu1";

    $twitter_timeline           = "user_timeline";  //  mentions_timeline / user_timeline / home_timeline / retweets_of_me

    //  create request
        $request = array(
            'screen_name'       => 'burownrice',
            'count'             => '3'
        );

    $oauth = array(
        'oauth_consumer_key'        => $consumer_key,
        'oauth_nonce'               => time(),
        'oauth_signature_method'    => 'HMAC-SHA1',
        'oauth_token'               => $oauth_access_token,
        'oauth_timestamp'           => time(),
        'oauth_version'             => '1.0'
    );

    //  merge request and oauth to one array
        $oauth = array_merge($oauth, $request);

    //  do some magic
        $base_info              = buildBaseString("https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json", 'GET', $oauth);
        $composite_key          = rawurlencode($consumer_secret) . '&' . rawurlencode($oauth_access_token_secret);
        $oauth_signature            = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_info, $composite_key, true));
        $oauth['oauth_signature']   = $oauth_signature;

    //  make request
        $header = array(buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth), 'Expect:');
        $options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
                          CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
                          CURLOPT_URL => "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json?". http_build_query($request),
                          CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
                          CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);

        $feed = curl_init();
        curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
        $json = curl_exec($feed);
        curl_close($feed);

    return $json;
}

$tweet = returnTweet();
echo $tweet;

?>

这个问题对我帮助很大，但并没有让我完全理解需要发生什么。这篇博客文章很好地引导了我。

以下是所有重要的部分:

As pointed out above, you MUST sign your 1.1 API requests. If you are doing something like getting public statuses, you'll want an application key rather than a user key. The full link to the page you want is: https://dev.twitter.com/apps You must hash ALL the parameters, both the oauth ones AND the get parameters (or POST parameters) together. You must SORT the parameters before reducing them to the url encoded form that gets hashed. You must encode some things multiple times - for example, you create a query string from the parameters' url-encoded values, and then you url encode THAT and concatenate with the method type and the url.

我同情所有这些令人头痛的问题，所以这里有一些代码来总结:

$token = 'YOUR TOKEN';
$token_secret = 'TOKEN SECRET';
$consumer_key = 'YOUR KEY';
$consumer_secret = 'KEY SECRET';

$host = 'api.twitter.com';
$method = 'GET';
$path = '/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json'; // api call path

$query = array( // query parameters
    'screen_name' => 'twitterapi',
    'count' => '2'
);

$oauth = array(
    'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
    'oauth_token' => $token,
    'oauth_nonce' => (string)mt_rand(), // a stronger nonce is recommended
    'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
    'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
    'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);

$oauth = array_map("rawurlencode", $oauth); // must be encoded before sorting
$query = array_map("rawurlencode", $query);

$arr = array_merge($oauth, $query); // combine the values THEN sort

asort($arr); // secondary sort (value)
ksort($arr); // primary sort (key)

// http_build_query automatically encodes, but our parameters
// are already encoded, and must be by this point, so we undo
// the encoding step
$querystring = urldecode(http_build_query($arr, '', '&'));

$url = "https://$host$path";

// mash everything together for the text to hash
$base_string = $method."&".rawurlencode($url)."&".rawurlencode($querystring);

// same with the key
$key = rawurlencode($consumer_secret)."&".rawurlencode($token_secret);

// generate the hash
$signature = rawurlencode(base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_string, $key, true)));

// this time we're using a normal GET query, and we're only encoding the query params
// (without the oauth params)
$url .= "?".http_build_query($query);

$oauth['oauth_signature'] = $signature; // don't want to abandon all that work!
ksort($oauth); // probably not necessary, but twitter's demo does it

// also not necessary, but twitter's demo does this too
function add_quotes($str) { return '"'.$str.'"'; }
$oauth = array_map("add_quotes", $oauth);

// this is the full value of the Authorization line
$auth = "OAuth " . urldecode(http_build_query($oauth, '', ', '));

// if you're doing post, you need to skip the GET building above
// and instead supply query parameters to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
$options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => array("Authorization: $auth"),
                  //CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postfields,
                  CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
                  CURLOPT_URL => $url,
                  CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
                  CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);

// do our business
$feed = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json = curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);

$twitter_data = json_decode($json);

你需要在Twitter上创建一个“应用程序”(你需要一个Twitter帐户来做这件事)。

然后，您需要使用OAuth向Twitter发出授权请求。

您可以使用GET status /user_timeline资源来获取最近的tweet列表。

如果对任何人有用的话…… 在我的博客中，我实现了下面的PHP代码，以便检索最近的tweet，提取最相关的数据，然后将它们保存到MySQL数据库中。 因为我在博客里看到了。

存储它们的“tweets”表:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `tweets` (
  `tweet_id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `id_tweet` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `text_tweet` char(144) NOT NULL,
  `datetime_tweet` datetime NOT NULL,
  `dayofweek_tweet` char(3) NOT NULL,
  `GMT_tweet` char(5) NOT NULL,
  `shorturl_tweet` char(23) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`tweet_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=83 ;

get_tweets.php:

<?php
function buildBaseString($baseURI, $method, $params) {
    $r= array();
    ksort($params);
    foreach($params as $key=>$value){
        $r[]= "$key=".rawurlencode($value);
    }
    return $method."&".rawurlencode($baseURI).'&'.rawurlencode(implode('&', $r));
}

function buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth) {
    $r= 'Authorization: OAuth ';
    $values= array();
    foreach($oauth as $key=>$value) {
        $values[]= "$key=\"".rawurlencode($value)."\"";
    }
    $r.= implode(', ', $values);
    return $r;
}

function returnTweets($last_id) {
    $oauth_access_token         = "2687912757-vbyfJA483SEyj2HJ2K346aVMxtOIgVbsY4Edrsw";
    $oauth_access_token_secret  = "nIruzmR0bXqC3has4fTf8KAq4pgOceiuKqjklhroENU4W";
    $api_key                    = "ieDSTFH8QHHPafg7H0whQB9GaY";
    $api_secret                 = "mgm8wVS9YP93IJmTQtsmR8ZJADDNdlTca5kCizMkC7O7gFDS1j";
    $twitter_timeline           = "user_timeline";  //[mentions_timeline/user_timeline/home_timeline/retweets_of_me]
    //create request
    $request= array(
        'screen_name'       => 'runs_ES',
        'count'             => '3',
        'exclude_replies'   => 'true'
        );
    if (!is_null($last_id)) { //Add to the request if it exits a last_id
        $request['since_id']= $max_id;
    }
    $oauth = array(
        'oauth_consumer_key'        => $api_key,
        'oauth_nonce'               => time(),
        'oauth_signature_method'    => 'HMAC-SHA1',
        'oauth_token'               => $oauth_access_token,
        'oauth_timestamp'           => time(),
        'oauth_version'             => '1.0'
        );
    //merge request and oauth to one array
    $oauth= array_merge($oauth, $request);
    //do some magic
    $base_info=                 buildBaseString("https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json", 'GET', $oauth);
    $composite_key=             rawurlencode($api_secret).'&'.rawurlencode($oauth_access_token_secret);
    $oauth_signature=           base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_info, $composite_key, true));
    $oauth['oauth_signature']=  $oauth_signature;
    //make request
    $header= array(buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth), 'Expect:');
    $options= array(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
                    CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
                    CURLOPT_URL => "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json?". http_build_query($request),
                    CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
                    CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
    $feed= curl_init();
    curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
    $json= curl_exec($feed);
    curl_close($feed);
    return $json;
}

function parse_tweettext($tweet_text) {
    $text= substr($tweet_text, 0, -23);
    $short_url= substr($tweet_text, -23, 23);
    return array ('text'=>$text, 'short_url'=> $short_url);
}

function parse_tweetdatetime($tweetdatetime) {
    //Thu Aug 21 21:57:26 +0000 2014 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
    $months= array('Jan'=>'01', 'Feb'=>'02', 'Mar'=>'03', 'Apr'=>'04', 'May'=>'05', 'Jun'=>'06', 
                    'Jul'=>'07', 'Aug'=>'08', 'Sep'=>'09', 'Oct'=>'10', 'Nov'=>'11', 'Dec'=>'12');
    $GMT= substr($tweetdatetime, -10, 5);
    $year= substr($tweetdatetime, -4, 4);
    $month_str= substr($tweetdatetime, 4, 3);
    $month= $months[$month_str];
    $day= substr($tweetdatetime, 8, 2); 
    $dayofweek= substr($tweetdatetime, 0, 3);
    $time= substr($tweetdatetime, 11, 8);
    $date= $year.'-'.$month.'-'.$day;
    $datetime= $date.' '.$time;
    return array('datetime'=>$datetime, 'dayofweek'=>$dayofweek, 'GMT'=>$GMT);
    //datetime: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS", dayofweek: Mon, Tue..., GMT: +####
}

//First check in the database the last id tweet:
$query= "SELECT MAX(tweets.id_tweet) AS id_last FROM tweets;";
$result= exec_query($query);
$row= mysql_fetch_object($result);
if ($result!= 0 && mysql_num_rows($result)) { //if error in query or not results
    $last_id= $row->id_last;
}
else {
    $last_id= null;
}

$json= returnTweets($last_id);
$tweets= json_decode($json, TRUE);

foreach ($tweets as $tweet) {
    $tweet_id= $tweet['id'];
    if (!empty($tweet_id)) { //if array is not empty
        $tweet_parsetext= parse_tweettext($tweet['text']);
        $tweet_text= utf8_encode($tweet_parsetext['text']);
        $tweet_shorturl= $tweet_parsetext['short_url'];
        $tweet_parsedt= parse_tweetdatetime($tweet['created_at']);
        $tweet_datetime= $tweet_parsedt['datetime'];
        $tweet_dayofweek= $tweet_parsedt['dayofweek'];
        $tweet_GMT= $tweet_parsedt['GMT'];
        //Insert the tweet into the database:
        $fields = array(
            'id_tweet' => $tweet_id,
            'text_tweet' => $tweet_text,
            'datetime_tweet' => $tweet_datetime,
            'dayofweek_tweet' => $tweet_dayofweek,
            'GMT_tweet' => $tweet_GMT,
            'shorturl_tweet' => $tweet_shorturl
            );
        $new_id= mysql_insert('tweets', $fields);
    }
} //end of foreach
?>

保存推文功能:

function mysql_insert($table, $inserts) {
    $keys = array_keys($inserts);
    exec_query("START TRANSACTION;");
    $query= 'INSERT INTO `'.$table.'` (`'.implode('`,`', $keys).'`) VALUES (\''.implode('\',\'', $inserts).'\')';
    exec_query($query);
    $id= mysql_insert_id();
    if (mysql_error()) {
        exec_query("ROLLBACK;");
        die("Error: $query");
    }
    else {
        exec_query("COMMIT;");
    }
    return $id;
}

从它们的签名生成器中，您可以生成如下形式的curl命令:

curl --get 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json' --data 'count=2&screen_name=twitterapi' --header 'Authorization: OAuth oauth_consumer_key="YOUR_KEY", oauth_nonce="YOUR_NONCE", oauth_signature="YOUR-SIG", oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp="TIMESTAMP", oauth_token="YOUR-TOKEN", oauth_version="1.0"' --verbose