您可以首先检查服务是否正在运行，使用:

ps ax | grep mysql

我得到了这样的回答:

6104 pts/0    S      0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
6431 pts/0    Sl     0:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/m

没有响应意味着服务没有运行，请执行以下操作:

service  mysql start

我尝试了以下步骤:

以超级用户登录或使用sudo 使用gedit打开/etc/mysql/my.cnf 找到bind-address，并将其值更改为数据库服务器主机的IP地址。对我来说，是localhost或127.0.0.1 保存并关闭文件。 回到终端，执行sudo service mysql start

这对我很有效。

在我的情况下，似乎我不能真正杀死mysql进程，当我运行

sudo service mysql stop
ps -ef | grep mysql

mysql进程一直在那里，看起来它阻塞了套接字文件，新的mysql进程不能自己创建它。

这很有帮助

cd /var/run
sudo cp mysqld/ mysqld.bc -rf
sudo chown mysql:mysql mysqld.bc/
sudo service mysql stop
sudo cp mysqld.bc/ mysqld -rf
sudo chown mysql:mysql mysqld -R
sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &

现在我能够登录数据库使用

mysql -u root

然后更新root密码:

UPDATE user SET authentication_string=password('YOURPASSWORDHERE') WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

PS:我在更新根密码时遇到了麻烦，似乎是“auth_socket”插件的问题，所以我必须创建具有完整权限的新用户

insert into user set `Host` = "localhost", `User` = "super", `plugin` = "mysql_native_password", `authentication_string` = NULL, `password_expired` = "N", `password_lifetime` = NULL, `account_locked` = "N", `Select_priv` = "Y",
`Insert_priv` = "Y", `Update_priv` = "Y", `Delete_priv` = "Y", `Create_priv` = "Y", `Drop_priv` = "Y", `Reload_priv` = "Y", `Shutdown_priv` = "Y", `Process_priv` = "Y", `File_priv` = "Y",
`Grant_priv` = "Y",  `References_priv` = "Y", `Index_priv` = "Y", `Alter_priv` = "Y", `Show_db_priv` = "Y", `Super_priv` = "Y", `Create_tmp_table_priv` = "Y", `Lock_tables_priv` = "Y",
`Execute_priv` = "Y", `Repl_slave_priv` = "Y",  `Repl_client_priv` = "Y",  `Create_view_priv` = "Y", `Show_view_priv` = "Y", `Create_routine_priv` = "Y", `Alter_routine_priv` = "Y",
`Create_user_priv` = "Y",  `Event_priv` = "Y", `Trigger_priv` = "Y", `Create_tablespace_priv` = "Y";

这将创建一个没有密码的用户“super”，然后你可以连接mysql -u super

Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr)也是如此。

如果您已经安装了XAMPP，安装MySQL -server并不是解决方案，因为您将访问另一个MySQL!

您必须使用正确的套接字才能访问。通常是这样的:

/opt/lampp/var/mysql/mysql.sock

相反，把它改为:

/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

This error can also occur if you try to change the directory where the database is stored, but imput the wrong directory in the configuration file (like a typo in the second drive as D instead of the accurate D_). Instead of telling you the typo directory does not exist, it will tell you that you lack permission to access it (leading you to try to change the permissions for the typo directory, which it will let you do). So if you get this error while changing directories, double check the configuration file and make sure you don't have a typo.

在Ubuntu 18:10 Linode 1GB Ram中，我遇到了这个错误。在检查了/var/log/mysql/error.log之后，我发现了这个:

[注]InnoDB: innodb_empty_free_list_algorithm由于缓冲池大小较小，修改为legacy。为了使用回退，请将缓冲池至少增加到20MB。

我把我的linode升级到2GB，用sudo mysql重新启动mariadb。接下来运行mysql_secure_admin，但是没有为user-as ususl设置根密码，直到更改根用户使用mysql_native_password插件。 不确定，但似乎袜子是创建的，但由于我的VPS内存不足，服务器关闭了。