目前,我正在尝试在类构造函数中使用async/await。这样我就可以为我正在进行的Electron项目获得一个自定义的电子邮件标签。
customElements.define('e-mail', class extends HTMLElement {
async constructor() {
super()
let uid = this.getAttribute('data-uid')
let message = await grabUID(uid)
const shadowRoot = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'})
shadowRoot.innerHTML = `
<div id="email">A random email message has appeared. ${message}</div>
`
}
})
然而,目前项目不工作,有以下错误:
Class constructor may not be an async method
是否有一种方法来规避这一点,以便我可以使用异步/等待在这?而不是要求回调或.then()?
你完全可以通过从构造函数返回一个立即调用的Async函数表达式来做到这一点。IIAFE是一个非常常见的模式,在顶级await可用之前,需要在异步函数之外使用await:
(async () => {
await someFunction();
})();
我们将使用此模式立即在构造函数中执行async函数,并返回其结果如下:
// Sample async function to be used in the async constructor
async function sleep(ms) {
return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
class AsyncConstructor {
constructor(value) {
return (async () => {
// Call async functions here
await sleep(500);
this.value = value;
// Constructors return `this` implicitly, but this is an IIFE, so
// return `this` explicitly (else we'd return an empty object).
return this;
})();
}
}
(async () => {
console.log('Constructing...');
const obj = await new AsyncConstructor(123);
console.log('Done:', obj);
})();
要实例化类,使用:
const instance = await new AsyncConstructor(...);
对于TypeScript,你需要断言构造函数的类型是类类型,而不是返回类类型的promise:
class AsyncConstructor {
constructor(value) {
return (async (): Promise<AsyncConstructor> => {
// ...
return this;
})() as unknown as AsyncConstructor; // <-- type assertion
}
}
缺点
使用异步构造函数扩展类会有限制。如果需要在派生类的构造函数中调用super,则必须在没有await的情况下调用它。如果你需要使用await调用超级构造函数,你会遇到TypeScript错误2337:超级调用不允许在构造函数外部或构造函数内部的嵌套函数中调用。
有人认为让构造函数返回Promise是一种“坏习惯”。
在使用此解决方案之前,确定是否需要扩展类,并记录必须使用await调用构造函数。
这是可以做到的。
一个简单的代码:
class test
{
constructor ()
{
return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) => { resolve(this); });
}
doHello() {console.log("hello");}
}
async function main()
{
let t = await new test(); //invoking synchronously
t.doHello(); //t is not a pormise
}
main();
或与上面相同,但添加了实际延迟,使用setTimeout
class test
{
constructor ()
{
return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) =>
{
setTimeout (resolve, 5, this);
});
}
doHello() {console.log("hello");}
}
async function main()
{
let t = new test(); //now t is a promise
t.then((a)=>{ a.doHello();}); //a is the real reference to test instance
console.log("testing"); //"testing" will be printed 5 seconds before "hello"
}
main();
这里是我在现实生活中的一段代码,使用异步图像加载:
class HeightMap extends GlVAObject
{
#vertices = [];
constructor (src, crossOrigin = "")
{
//super(theContextSetup);
let image = new Image();
image.src = src;
image.crossOrigin = crossOrigin;
return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) =>
{
image.addEventListener('load', () =>
{
//reading pixel values from image into this.#vertices
//and generate a heights map
//...
resolve(this);
} );
});
}
///...
}
async function main()
{
let vao = await new HeightMap ("./heightmaps/ArisonaCraterHeightMap.png");
///...
}
main();