5.5节K&R的字符指针和功能也讨论了这个主题:

There is an important difference between these definitions: char amessage[] = "now is the time"; /* an array */ char *pmessage = "now is the time"; /* a pointer */ amessage is an array, just big enough to hold the sequence of characters and '\0' that initializes it. Individual characters within the array may be changed but amessage will always refer to the same storage. On the other hand, pmessage is a pointer, initialized to point to a string constant; the pointer may subsequently be modified to point elsewhere, but the result is undefined if you try to modify the string contents.

The

 char *str = "string";

Line定义了一个指针，并将其指向一个字面值字符串。字面值字符串是不可写的，所以当你这样做:

  str[0] = 'z';

你会得到一个隔离失误。在某些平台上，字面值可能位于可写内存中，因此您不会看到段错误，但无论如何它都是无效代码(导致未定义的行为)。

线:

char str[] = "string";

分配一个字符数组并将字面值字符串复制到该数组中，该数组是完全可写的，因此后续更新没有问题。

因为在第一个例子的上下文中，“whatever”的类型是const char*(即使你将它赋值给一个非const char*)，这意味着你不应该尝试写它。

编译器通过将字符串放在内存的只读部分来强制执行这一点，因此写入它会产生段错误。

// create a string constant like this - will be read only
char *str_p;
str_p = "String constant";

// create an array of characters like this 
char *arr_p;
char arr[] = "String in an array";
arr_p = &arr[0];

// now we try to change a character in the array first, this will work
*arr_p = 'E';

// lets try to change the first character of the string contant
*str_p = 'G'; // this will result in a segmentation fault. Comment it out to work.


/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *  String constants can't be modified. A segmentation fault is the result,
 *  because most operating systems will not allow a write
 *  operation on read only memory.
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

//print both strings to see if they have changed
printf("%s\n", str_p); //print the string without a variable
printf("%s\n", arr_p); //print the string, which is in an array. 

当您试图访问不可访问的内存时，会导致分割错误。

Char *str是一个指向不可修改的字符串的指针(这是导致segfault的原因)。

而char str[]是一个数组，可以修改。

5.5节K&R的字符指针和功能也讨论了这个主题:

There is an important difference between these definitions: char amessage[] = "now is the time"; /* an array */ char *pmessage = "now is the time"; /* a pointer */ amessage is an array, just big enough to hold the sequence of characters and '\0' that initializes it. Individual characters within the array may be changed but amessage will always refer to the same storage. On the other hand, pmessage is a pointer, initialized to point to a string constant; the pointer may subsequently be modified to point elsewhere, but the result is undefined if you try to modify the string contents.