下面的代码在第2行接收到seg错误:
char *str = "string";
str[0] = 'z'; // could be also written as *str = 'z'
printf("%s\n", str);
虽然这个方法非常有效:
char str[] = "string";
str[0] = 'z';
printf("%s\n", str);
用MSVC和GCC测试。
当前回答
5.5节K&R的字符指针和功能也讨论了这个主题:
There is an important difference between these definitions: char amessage[] = "now is the time"; /* an array */ char *pmessage = "now is the time"; /* a pointer */ amessage is an array, just big enough to hold the sequence of characters and '\0' that initializes it. Individual characters within the array may be changed but amessage will always refer to the same storage. On the other hand, pmessage is a pointer, initialized to point to a string constant; the pointer may subsequently be modified to point elsewhere, but the result is undefined if you try to modify the string contents.
其他回答
像“String”这样的字符串文字可能在可执行文件的地址空间中作为只读数据分配(通过编译器)。当你去触摸它时，它会害怕你在它的泳衣区，并让你知道一个隔离错误。
在第一个例子中，你得到一个指向const数据的指针。在第二个示例中，使用const数据的副本初始化一个7个字符的数组。
5.5节K&R的字符指针和功能也讨论了这个主题:
There is an important difference between these definitions: char amessage[] = "now is the time"; /* an array */ char *pmessage = "now is the time"; /* a pointer */ amessage is an array, just big enough to hold the sequence of characters and '\0' that initializes it. Individual characters within the array may be changed but amessage will always refer to the same storage. On the other hand, pmessage is a pointer, initialized to point to a string constant; the pointer may subsequently be modified to point elsewhere, but the result is undefined if you try to modify the string contents.
假设字符串是，
char a[] = "string literal copied to stack";
char *p = "string literal referenced by p";
在第一种情况下，当'a'进入作用域时，文字将被复制。这里'a'是定义在stack上的数组。这意味着字符串将在堆栈上创建，其数据从代码(文本)内存中复制，通常是只读的(这是特定于实现的，编译器也可以将这种只读的程序数据放在可读写内存中)。
在第二种情况下，p是定义在堆栈(本地作用域)上的指针，并引用存储在其他位置的字符串字面量(程序数据或文本)。通常，修改这样的内存不是好的实践，也不鼓励。
首先是一个不能修改的常量字符串。第二个是一个初始化值的数组，因此它可以被修改。
因为在第一个例子的上下文中，“whatever”的类型是const char*(即使你将它赋值给一个非const char*)，这意味着你不应该尝试写它。
编译器通过将字符串放在内存的只读部分来强制执行这一点，因此写入它会产生段错误。
