你可以添加一个简单的检查:

RUN [ -z "$ARG" ] \
    && echo "ARG argument not provided." \
    && exit 1 || exit 0

它可能看起来不那么干净，但你可以让你的Dockerfile(有条件的)如下所示:

FROM centos:7
ARG arg
RUN if [[ -z "$arg" ]] ; then echo Argument not provided ; else echo Argument is $arg ; fi

然后将图像构建为:

Docker build -t my_docker。——build-arg arg = 45

or

Docker build -t my_docker。

# FROM前面的ARGs用于图像 ARG IMLABEL=xxxx \ IMVERS = x.x 从$ {IMLABEL}: $ {IMVERS} # FROM后面的ARGs是用于脚本中使用的参数 ARG condition-x RUN if ["$condition-x" = "condition-1"];然后\ 回声“condition 1美元”;＼ Elif ["$condition-x" = "condition-1"];然后\ 回声“情况2美元”;＼ 其他的 回声“condition-others美元”;＼ fi

build -t——build-arg IMLABEL——build-arg IMVERS——build-arg condition-x -f Dockerfile -t image:版本号。

正如其他人所说，shell脚本会有所帮助。

只是一个额外的情况，恕我直言，值得一提的是(对于无意中发现这里的人来说，寻找一个更简单的情况)，那就是环境替换。

Environment variables (declared with the ENV statement) can also be used in certain instructions as variables to be interpreted by the Dockerfile. The ${variable_name} syntax also supports a few of the standard bash modifiers as specified below: ${variable:-word} indicates that if variable is set then the result will be that value. If variable is not set then word will be the result. ${variable:+word} indicates that if variable is set then word will be the result, otherwise the result is the empty string.

对于上述提出的解决方案，有一个有趣的替代方案，它使用单个Dockerfile，每个条件构建只需要调用一次docker构建，并避免bash。

解决方案:

下面的Dockerfile解决了这个问题。复制粘贴，自己试试。

ARG my_arg

FROM centos:7 AS base
RUN echo "do stuff with the centos image"

FROM base AS branch-version-1
RUN echo "this is the stage that sets VAR=TRUE"
ENV VAR=TRUE

FROM base AS branch-version-2
RUN echo "this is the stage that sets VAR=FALSE"
ENV VAR=FALSE

FROM branch-version-${my_arg} AS final
RUN echo "VAR is equal to ${VAR}"

Dockerfile说明:

我们首先得到一个基本图像(在您的例子中是centos:7)，并将其放入自己的阶段。基本阶段应该包含在条件之前要做的事情。在那之后，我们还有两个阶段，代表我们的条件的分支:branch-version-1和branch-version-2。我们两个都做了。最终阶段根据my_arg选择其中一个阶段。条件Dockerfile。好了。

运行时输出:

(我把它缩写了一下…)

my_arg = = 2

docker build --build-arg my_arg=2 .
Step 1/12 : ARG my_arg
Step 2/12 : ARG ENV
Step 3/12 : FROM centos:7 AS base
Step 4/12 : RUN echo "do stuff with the centos image"
do stuff with the centos image
Step 5/12 : FROM base AS branch-version-1
Step 6/12 : RUN echo "this is the stage that sets VAR=TRUE"
this is the stage that sets VAR=TRUE
Step 7/12 : ENV VAR=TRUE
Step 8/12 : FROM base AS branch-version-2
Step 9/12 : RUN echo "this is the stage that sets VAR=FALSE"
this is the stage that sets VAR=FALSE
Step 10/12 : ENV VAR=FALSE
Step 11/12 : FROM branch-version-${my_arg}
Step 12/12 : RUN echo "VAR is equal to ${VAR}"
VAR is equal to FALSE

my_arg = = 1

docker build --build-arg my_arg=1 .
...
Step 11/12 : FROM branch-version-${my_arg}
Step 12/12 : RUN echo "VAR is equal to ${VAR}"
VAR is equal to TRUE

感谢Tõnis提供这个惊人的想法!

我看到了很多可能的解决方案，但没有一个适合我今天面临的问题。所以，我正在花时间用另一个对我有用的可能的解决方案来回答这个问题。

在我的例子中，我利用了众所周知的if ["$VAR" == "this"];然后重复“do that”;fi。警告是Docker，我不知道为什么，在这种情况下不喜欢双等号。所以我们需要这样写if ["$VAR" = "this"];然后重复“do that”;fi。

这里有一个完整的例子，适用于我的情况:

FROM node:16

# Let's set args and envs
ARG APP_ENV="dev"
ARG NPM_CMD="install"
ARG USER="nodeuser"
ARG PORT=8080
ENV NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=/home/node/.npm-global
ENV PATH=$PATH:/home/node/.npm-global/bin
ENV NODE_ENV=${APP_ENV}

# Let's set the starting point
WORKDIR /app

# Let's build a cache
COPY package*.json .
RUN date \
 # If the environment is production or staging, omit dev packages
 # If any other environment, install dev packages
 && if [ "$APP_ENV" = "production" ]; then NPM_CMD="ci --omit=dev"; fi \
 && if [ "$APP_ENV" = "staging" ]; then NPM_CMD="ci --omit=dev"; fi \
 && npm ${NPM_CMD} \
 && usermod -d /app -l ${USER} node

# Let's add the App
COPY . .

# Let's expose the App port
EXPOSE ${PORT}

# Let's set the user
USER ${USER}

# Let's set the start App command
CMD [ "node", "server.js" ]

因此，如果用户传递了正确的build参数，docker build命令将为生产应用创建一个映像。如果没有，它将创建一个带有dev Node.js包的应用程序映像。

为了让它工作，你可以这样调用:

# docker build --build-arg APP_ENV=production -t app-node .