我需要一个JavaScript函数,它可以取一个值,并将其填充到给定的长度(我需要空格,但任何事情都会做)。我发现了这个,但我不知道它在做什么,它似乎对我不起作用。
String.prototype.pad = function(l, s, t) {
return s || (s = " "),
(l -= this.length) > 0 ?
(s = new Array(Math.ceil(l / s.length) + 1).join(s))
.substr(0, t = !t ? l : t == 1 ?
0 :
Math.ceil(l / 2)) + this + s.substr(0, l - t) :
this;
};
var s = "Jonas";
document.write(
'<h2>S = '.bold(), s, "</h2>",
'S.pad(20, "[]", 0) = '.bold(), s.pad(20, "[]", 0), "<br />",
'S.pad(20, "[====]", 1) = '.bold(), s.pad(20, "[====]", 1), "<br />",
'S.pad(20, "~", 2) = '.bold(), s.pad(20, "~", 2)
);
一种更快的方法
If you are doing this repeatedly, for example to pad values in an array, and performance is a factor, the following approach can give you nearly a 100x advantage in speed (jsPerf) over other solution that are currently discussed on the inter webs. The basic idea is that you are providing the pad function with a fully padded empty string to use as a buffer. The pad function just appends to string to be added to this pre-padded string (one string concat) and then slices or trims the result to the desired length.
function pad(pad, str, padLeft) {
if (typeof str === 'undefined')
return pad;
if (padLeft) {
return (pad + str).slice(-pad.length);
} else {
return (str + pad).substring(0, pad.length);
}
}
例如,要将一个数字零填充为10位,
pad('0000000000',123,true);
要用空格填充字符串,使整个字符串为255个字符,
var padding = Array(256).join(' '), // make a string of 255 spaces
pad(padding,123,true);
性能测试
请在这里查看jsPerf测试。
这比ES6字符串快。重复2倍,正如这里修改后的JsPerf所示
请注意,jsPerf不再联机
请注意,我们最初用来对各种方法进行基准测试的jsPerf站点已不再在线。不幸的是,这意味着我们无法得到那些测试结果。虽然悲伤,但事实如此。
@Daniel LaFavers回答的一个变体。
var mask = function (background, foreground) {
bg = (new String(background));
fg = (new String(foreground));
bgl = bg.length;
fgl = fg.length;
bgs = bg.substring(0, Math.max(0, bgl - fgl));
fgs = fg.substring(Math.max(0, fgl - bgl));
return bgs + fgs;
};
例如:
mask('00000', 11 ); // '00011'
mask('00011','00' ); // '00000'
mask( 2 , 3 ); // '3'
mask('0' ,'111'); // '1'
mask('fork' ,'***'); // 'f***'
mask('_____','dog'); // '__dog'
使用ECMAScript 6方法String#repeat和Arrow函数,一个pad函数就像这样简单:
var leftPad = (s, c, n) => c.repeat(n - s.length) + s;
leftPad("foo", "0", 5); //returns "00foo"
斯菲德尔
编辑:
评论中的建议:
const leftPad = (s, c, n) => n - s.length > 0 ? c.repeat(n - s.length) + s : s;
这样,当s.lengthis大于n时,它就不会抛出错误
edit2:
评论中的建议:
const leftPad = (s, c, n) =>{ s = s.toString(); c = c.toString(); return s.length > n ? s : c.repeat(n - s.length) + s; }
通过这种方式,可以将该函数用于字符串和非字符串。