我遇到了同样的问题，我注意到我的安全配置有不同的标签，就像@Xenolion的答案说

<network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

所以我把标签“domain-config”改为“base-config”，就像这样:

<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

只需在AndroidManifest.xml文件的应用程序标签中设置usesCleartextTraffic标志。 不需要为Android创建配置文件。

 <application
   android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
   .
   .
   .>

这对我很有效，

将此XML文件添加到: andriod / app / src / main / res / xml / network_security_config.xml

network_security_config.xml

xml/network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">your_domain1</domain>
    </domain-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">your_domain2</domain>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

然后将此代码添加到AndroidMenifest.xml

<application
    ...
      android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
      android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
    ...
      >
      <!-- for http support-->
      <uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false"/>
      ...
</application>
        

我遇到了同样的问题，我注意到我的安全配置有不同的标签，就像@Xenolion的答案说

<network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

所以我把标签“domain-config”改为“base-config”，就像这样:

<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

对于在调试中运行的React Native应用程序，将@Xenolion提到的xml块添加到位于<project>/android/app/src/debug/res/xml中的react_native_config.xml中

类似于下面的代码片段:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="false">localhost</domain>
        <domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.2.2</domain>
        <domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.3.2</domain>
    </domain-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

完全工作的解决方案，无论是Android或react原生用户面对这个问题，只需添加这个 android: usesCleartextTraffic = " true " 在AndroidManifest.xml文件中像这样:

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
<uses-library
    android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
    android:required="false" />

在<application>..</application>标签:

<application
      android:name=".MainApplication"
      android:label="@string/app_name"
      android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
      android:allowBackup="false"
      android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
        tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
        <uses-library
            android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
            android:required="false" />
      <activity
        android:name=".MainActivity"
        android:label="@string/app_name"/>
 </application>