在2021年遇到这个问题时，我发现使用XPATH太复杂了(需要学习其他东西)，不适合做一些应该相当简单的事情。

我想到了这个:

function querySelectorIncludesText (selector, text){
  return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(selector))
    .find(el => el.textContent.includes(text));
}

用法:

querySelectorIncludesText('button', 'Send')

请注意，我决定使用包含，而不是严格的比较，因为这是我真正需要的，请随意调整。

如果你想支持所有浏览器，你可能需要这些腻子:

  /**
   * String.prototype.includes() polyfill
   * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/includes#Polyfill
   * @see https://vanillajstoolkit.com/polyfills/stringincludes/
   */
  if (!String.prototype.includes) {
    String.prototype.includes = function (search, start) {
      'use strict';

      if (search instanceof RegExp) {
        throw TypeError('first argument must not be a RegExp');
      }
      if (start === undefined) {
        start = 0;
      }
      return this.indexOf(search, start) !== -1;
    };
  }

下面是XPath方法，但是使用了最少的XPath术语。

基于元素属性值的常规选择(用于比较):

// for matching <element class="foo bar baz">...</element> by 'bar'
var things = document.querySelectorAll('[class*="bar"]');
for (var i = 0; i < things.length; i++) {
    things[i].style.outline = '1px solid red';
}

基于元素内文本的XPath选择。

// for matching <element>foo bar baz</element> by 'bar'
var things = document.evaluate('//*[contains(text(),"bar")]',document,null,XPathResult.ORDERED_NODE_SNAPSHOT_TYPE,null);
for (var i = 0; i < things.snapshotLength; i++) {
    things.snapshotItem(i).style.outline = '1px solid red';
}

这里是不区分大小写的，因为文本更不稳定:

// for matching <element>foo bar baz</element> by 'bar' case-insensitively
var things = document.evaluate('//*[contains(translate(text(),"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ","abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"),"bar")]',document,null,XPathResult.ORDERED_NODE_SNAPSHOT_TYPE,null);
for (var i = 0; i < things.snapshotLength; i++) {
    things.snapshotItem(i).style.outline = '1px solid red';
}

这里已经有很多很棒的解决方案了。但是，为了提供一个更精简的解决方案，并且更符合querySelector行为和语法的思想，我选择了一个用几个原型函数扩展Object的解决方案。这两个函数都使用正则表达式来匹配文本，但是，字符串可以作为松散搜索参数提供。

简单地实现以下函数:

// find all elements with inner text matching a given regular expression
// args: 
//      selector: string query selector to use for identifying elements on which we 
//                should check innerText
//      regex: A regular expression for matching innerText; if a string is provided,
//             a case-insensitive search is performed for any element containing the string.
Object.prototype.queryInnerTextAll = function(selector, regex) {
    if (typeof(regex) === 'string') regex = new RegExp(regex, 'i'); 
    const elements = [...this.querySelectorAll(selector)];
    const rtn = elements.filter((e)=>{
        return e.innerText.match(regex);
    });
    
    return rtn.length === 0 ? null : rtn
}

// find the first element with inner text matching a given regular expression
// args: 
//      selector: string query selector to use for identifying elements on which we 
//                should check innerText
//      regex: A regular expression for matching innerText; if a string is provided,
//             a case-insensitive search is performed for any element containing the string.
Object.prototype.queryInnerText = function(selector, text){
    return this.queryInnerTextAll(selector, text)[0];
}

实现了这些函数后，现在可以进行如下调用:

document.queryInnerTextAll('div.link', 'go'); This would find all divs containing the link class with the word go in the innerText (eg. Go Left or GO down or go right or It's Good) document.queryInnerText('div.link', 'go'); This would work exactly as the example above except it would return only the first matching element. document.queryInnerTextAll('a', /^Next$/); Find all links with the exact text Next (case-sensitive). This will exclude links that contain the word Next along with other text. document.queryInnerText('a', /next/i); Find the first link that contains the word next, regardless of case (eg. Next Page or Go to next) e = document.querySelector('#page'); e.queryInnerText('button', /Continue/); This performs a search within a container element for a button containing the text, Continue (case-sensitive). (eg. Continue or Continue to Next but not continue)

OP的问题是关于纯JavaScript而不是jQuery。 虽然有很多答案，我喜欢@Pawan Nogariya的答案，但请看看这个替代答案。

你可以在JavaScript中使用XPATH。更多关于MDN文章的信息请点击这里。

document.evaluate()方法对XPATH查询/表达式求值。因此，您可以在那里传递XPATH表达式，遍历HTML文档并找到所需的元素。

在XPATH中，您可以通过如下所示的文本节点选择一个元素，它将获得具有以下文本节点的div。

//div[text()="Hello World"]

要获得一个包含一些文本的元素，使用以下方法:

//div[contains(., 'Hello')]

XPATH中的contains()方法将节点作为第一个参数，将要搜索的文本作为第二个参数。

看这里，这是JavaScript中XPATH的例子

下面是一个代码片段:

var headings = document.evaluate("//h1[contains(., 'Hello')]", document, null, XPathResult.ANY_TYPE, null );
var thisHeading = headings.iterateNext();

console.log(thisHeading); // Prints the html element in console
console.log(thisHeading.textContent); // prints the text content in console

thisHeading.innerHTML += "<br />Modified contents";  

如您所见，我可以获取HTML元素并按我喜欢的方式修改它。

谷歌有这作为顶部结果为那些谁需要找到一个节点与特定的文本。 通过更新，节点列表现在在现代浏览器中是可迭代的，而不必将其转换为数组。

解决方案可以像这样使用forEach。

var elList = document.querySelectorAll(".some .selector");
elList.forEach(function(el) {
    if (el.innerHTML.indexOf("needle") !== -1) {
        // Do what you like with el
        // The needle is case sensitive
    }
});

当一个普通的选择器不能选择一个节点时，我可以在节点列表中查找/替换文本，所以我必须一个接一个地过滤每个节点以检查它是否有针。

该解决方案实现如下功能:

Uses the ES6 spread operator to convert the NodeList of all divs to an array. Provides output if the div contains the query string, not just if it exactly equals the query string (which happens for some of the other answers). e.g. It should provide output not just for 'SomeText' but also for 'SomeText, text continues'. Outputs the entire div contents, not just the query string. e.g. For 'SomeText, text continues' it should output that whole string, not just 'SomeText'. Allows for multiple divs to contain the string, not just a single div.

[…document.querySelectorAll('div')] //获取数组中所有div .map(div => div. innerhtml) //获取它们的内容 .filter(txt => txt.includes('SomeText')) //只保留包含查询的内容 .forEach(txt => console.log(txt));//输出这些的全部内容 <div> . SomeText, text continue .</div> . SomeText, text continue <div>不在这个div中 这里是更多的SomeText.</div> .