前段时间，我看到一个Mono应用程序的输出是彩色的，可能是因为它的日志系统(因为所有的消息都是标准化的)。
现在，Python有了日志记录模块，它允许您指定许多选项来定制输出。所以，我想象类似的事情可能与Python，但我不知道如何在任何地方做到这一点。
是否有办法使Python日志模块输出为彩色?
我想要的(例如)错误显示为红色，调试消息显示为蓝色或黄色，等等。
当然，这可能需要一个兼容的终端(大多数现代终端都是);但如果不支持颜色，我可以退回到原始的日志输出。
有什么想法，我可以得到彩色输出与日志模块?
当前回答
import logging
import sys
colors = {'pink': '\033[95m', 'blue': '\033[94m', 'green': '\033[92m', 'yellow': '\033[93m', 'red': '\033[91m',
'ENDC': '\033[0m', 'bold': '\033[1m', 'underline': '\033[4m'}
logging.basicConfig(stream=sys.stdout, level=logging.DEBUG)
def str_color(color, data):
return colors[color] + str(data) + colors['ENDC']
params = {'param1': id1, 'param2': id2}
logging.info('\nParams:' + str_color("blue", str(params)))`
其他回答
下面是一个适用于任何平台的解决方案。如果没有，告诉我，我会更新的。
它是如何工作的:在支持ANSI转义的平台上使用它们(非Windows)，在Windows上它确实使用API调用来改变控制台颜色。
该脚本确实破解了标准库中的logging.StreamHandler.emit方法，并向其添加了包装器。
TestColorer.py
# Usage: add Colorer.py near you script and import it.
import logging
import Colorer
logging.warn("a warning")
logging.error("some error")
logging.info("some info")
Colorer.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
import logging
# now we patch Python code to add color support to logging.StreamHandler
def add_coloring_to_emit_windows(fn):
# add methods we need to the class
def _out_handle(self):
import ctypes
return ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(self.STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
out_handle = property(_out_handle)
def _set_color(self, code):
import ctypes
# Constants from the Windows API
self.STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
hdl = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(self.STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(hdl, code)
setattr(logging.StreamHandler, '_set_color', _set_color)
def new(*args):
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x0001 # text color contains blue.
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0002 # text color contains green.
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0004 # text color contains red.
FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0008 # text color is intensified.
FOREGROUND_WHITE = FOREGROUND_BLUE|FOREGROUND_GREEN |FOREGROUND_RED
# winbase.h
STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
# wincon.h
FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x0000
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x0001
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0002
FOREGROUND_CYAN = 0x0003
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0004
FOREGROUND_MAGENTA = 0x0005
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0006
FOREGROUND_GREY = 0x0007
FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0008 # foreground color is intensified.
BACKGROUND_BLACK = 0x0000
BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x0010
BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x0020
BACKGROUND_CYAN = 0x0030
BACKGROUND_RED = 0x0040
BACKGROUND_MAGENTA = 0x0050
BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0060
BACKGROUND_GREY = 0x0070
BACKGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x0080 # background color is intensified.
levelno = args[1].levelno
if(levelno>=50):
color = BACKGROUND_YELLOW | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY
elif(levelno>=40):
color = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY
elif(levelno>=30):
color = FOREGROUND_YELLOW | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY
elif(levelno>=20):
color = FOREGROUND_GREEN
elif(levelno>=10):
color = FOREGROUND_MAGENTA
else:
color = FOREGROUND_WHITE
args[0]._set_color(color)
ret = fn(*args)
args[0]._set_color( FOREGROUND_WHITE )
#print "after"
return ret
return new
def add_coloring_to_emit_ansi(fn):
# add methods we need to the class
def new(*args):
levelno = args[1].levelno
if(levelno>=50):
color = '\x1b[31m' # red
elif(levelno>=40):
color = '\x1b[31m' # red
elif(levelno>=30):
color = '\x1b[33m' # yellow
elif(levelno>=20):
color = '\x1b[32m' # green
elif(levelno>=10):
color = '\x1b[35m' # pink
else:
color = '\x1b[0m' # normal
args[1].msg = color + args[1].msg + '\x1b[0m' # normal
#print "after"
return fn(*args)
return new
import platform
if platform.system()=='Windows':
# Windows does not support ANSI escapes and we are using API calls to set the console color
logging.StreamHandler.emit = add_coloring_to_emit_windows(logging.StreamHandler.emit)
else:
# all non-Windows platforms are supporting ANSI escapes so we use them
logging.StreamHandler.emit = add_coloring_to_emit_ansi(logging.StreamHandler.emit)
#log = logging.getLogger()
#log.addFilter(log_filter())
#//hdlr = logging.StreamHandler()
#//hdlr.setFormatter(formatter())
我遇到的麻烦是正确设置格式化程序:
class ColouredFormatter(logging.Formatter):
def __init__(self, msg):
logging.Formatter.__init__(self, msg)
self._init_colour = _get_colour()
def close(self):
# restore the colour information to what it was
_set_colour(self._init_colour)
def format(self, record):
# Add your own colourer based on the other examples
_set_colour( LOG_LEVEL_COLOUR[record.levelno] )
return logging.Formatter.format(self, record)
def init():
# Set up the formatter. Needs to be first thing done.
rootLogger = logging.getLogger()
hdlr = logging.StreamHandler()
fmt = ColouredFormatter('%(message)s')
hdlr.setFormatter(fmt)
rootLogger.addHandler(hdlr)
然后使用:
import coloured_log
import logging
coloured_log.init()
logging.info("info")
logging.debug("debug")
coloured_log.close() # restore colours
好吧，我想我应该加上我的彩色记录器的变化。
这没什么特别的，但是使用起来非常简单，并且不会更改记录对象，因此如果使用文件处理程序，就可以避免将ANSI转义序列记录到日志文件中。不影响日志信息的格式化。
如果你已经在使用日志记录模块的Formatter，你所要做的就是用ColoredFormatter替换忠告处理程序Formatter来获得有颜色的级别名称。如果你正在记录整个应用程序，你只需要为顶级记录器这样做。
colored_log.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from copy import copy
from logging import Formatter
MAPPING = {
'DEBUG' : 37, # white
'INFO' : 36, # cyan
'WARNING' : 33, # yellow
'ERROR' : 31, # red
'CRITICAL': 41, # white on red bg
}
PREFIX = '\033['
SUFFIX = '\033[0m'
class ColoredFormatter(Formatter):
def __init__(self, patern):
Formatter.__init__(self, patern)
def format(self, record):
colored_record = copy(record)
levelname = colored_record.levelname
seq = MAPPING.get(levelname, 37) # default white
colored_levelname = ('{0}{1}m{2}{3}') \
.format(PREFIX, seq, levelname, SUFFIX)
colored_record.levelname = colored_levelname
return Formatter.format(self, colored_record)
示例使用
app.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import logging
from colored_log import ColoredFormatter
# Create top level logger
log = logging.getLogger("main")
# Add console handler using our custom ColoredFormatter
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
cf = ColoredFormatter("[%(name)s][%(levelname)s] %(message)s (%(filename)s:%(lineno)d)")
ch.setFormatter(cf)
log.addHandler(ch)
# Add file handler
fh = logging.FileHandler('app.log')
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
ff = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
fh.setFormatter(ff)
log.addHandler(fh)
# Set log level
log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# Log some stuff
log.debug("app has started")
log.info("Logging to 'app.log' in the script dir")
log.warning("This is my last warning, take heed")
log.error("This is an error")
log.critical("He's dead, Jim")
# Import a sub-module
import sub_module
sub_module.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import logging
log = logging.getLogger('main.sub_module')
log.debug("Hello from the sub module")
结果
终端输出
app.log内容
2017-09-29 00:32:23,434 - main - DEBUG - app has started
2017-09-29 00:32:23,434 - main - INFO - Logging to 'app.log' in the script dir
2017-09-29 00:32:23,435 - main - WARNING - This is my last warning, take heed
2017-09-29 00:32:23,435 - main - ERROR - This is an error
2017-09-29 00:32:23,435 - main - CRITICAL - He's dead, Jim
2017-09-29 00:32:23,435 - main.sub_module - DEBUG - Hello from the sub module
当然，您可以随心所欲地设置终端和日志文件输出的格式。只有日志级别将被着色。
我希望有人发现这是有用的，而不是只是太多的相同。：）
Python示例文件可以从这个GitHub Gist下载: https://gist.github.com/KurtJacobson/48e750701acec40c7161b5a2f79e6bfd
一个方便的带有tput颜色的bash脚本
# Simple using tput
bold=$(tput bold)
reset=$(tput sgr0)
fblack=$(tput setaf 0)
fred=$(tput setaf 1)
fgreen=$(tput setaf 2)
fyellow=$(tput setaf 3)
fblue=$(tput setaf 4)
fmagenta=$(tput setaf 5)
fcyan=$(tput setaf 6)
fwhite=$(tput setaf 7)
fnotused=$(tput setaf 8)
freset=$(tput setaf 9)
bblack=$(tput setab 0)
bred=$(tput setab 1)
bgreen=$(tput setab 2)
byellow=$(tput setab 3)
bblue=$(tput setab 4)
bmagenta=$(tput setab 5)
bcyan=$(tput setab 6)
bwhite=$(tput setab 7)
bnotused=$(tput setab 8)
breset=$(tput setab 9)
# 0 - Emergency (emerg) $fred # something is wrong... go red
# 1 - Alerts (alert) $fred # something is wrong... go red
# 2 - Critical (crit) $fred # something is wrong... go red
# 3 - Errors (err) $fred # something is wrong... go red
# 4 - Warnings (warn) $fyellow # yellow yellow dirty logs
# 5 - Notification (notice) $fwhite # common stuff
# 6 - Information (info) $fblue # sky is blue
# 7 - Debug (debug) $fgreen # lot of stuff to read... go green
现在有一个发布的PyPi模块，用于自定义彩色日志输出:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/rainbow_logging_handler/
and
https://github.com/laysakura/rainbow_logging_handler
支持Windows 支持Django 可定制的颜色
由于它是作为Python卵分发的，因此非常容易为任何Python应用程序安装它。
