前段时间，我看到一个Mono应用程序的输出是彩色的，可能是因为它的日志系统(因为所有的消息都是标准化的)。
现在，Python有了日志记录模块，它允许您指定许多选项来定制输出。所以，我想象类似的事情可能与Python，但我不知道如何在任何地方做到这一点。
是否有办法使Python日志模块输出为彩色?
我想要的(例如)错误显示为红色，调试消息显示为蓝色或黄色，等等。
当然，这可能需要一个兼容的终端(大多数现代终端都是);但如果不支持颜色，我可以退回到原始的日志输出。
有什么想法，我可以得到彩色输出与日志模块?
当前回答
刚刚回答了类似的问题:Python |在shell中更改文本颜色
这个想法是使用clint库。它支持MAC, Linux和Windows shell (CLI)。
其他回答
这是一个包含颜色代码的Enum:
class TerminalColour:
"""
Terminal colour formatting codes
"""
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/287871/print-in-terminal-with-colors
MAGENTA = '\033[95m'
BLUE = '\033[94m'
GREEN = '\033[92m'
YELLOW = '\033[93m'
RED = '\033[91m'
GREY = '\033[0m' # normal
WHITE = '\033[1m' # bright white
UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
这可以应用于每个日志级别的名称。请注意，这是一个可怕的黑客。
logging.addLevelName(logging.INFO, "{}{}{}".format(TerminalColour.WHITE, logging.getLevelName(logging.INFO), TerminalColour.GREY))
logging.addLevelName(logging.WARNING, "{}{}{}".format(TerminalColour.YELLOW, logging.getLevelName(logging.WARNING), TerminalColour.GREY))
logging.addLevelName(logging.ERROR, "{}{}{}".format(TerminalColour.RED, logging.getLevelName(logging.ERROR), TerminalColour.GREY))
logging.addLevelName(logging.CRITICAL, "{}{}{}".format(TerminalColour.MAGENTA, logging.getLevelName(logging.CRITICAL), .GREY))
注意，您的日志格式化程序必须包含日志级别的名称
%(levelname)
例如:
LOGGING = {
...
'verbose': {
'format': '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s:%(lineno)s %(module)s %(process)d %(thread)d %(message)s'
},
'simple': {
'format': '[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s'
},
一个简单但非常灵活的工具为任何终端文本着色是'colout'。
pip install colout
myprocess | colout REGEX_WITH_GROUPS color1,color2...
其中'myprocess'输出中的任何匹配正则表达式第1组的文本都将用color1着色，第2组用color2着色，等等。
例如:
tail -f /var/log/mylogfile | colout '^(\w+ \d+ [\d:]+)|(\w+\.py:\d+ .+\(\)): (.+)$' white,black,cyan bold,bold,normal
也就是说，第一个正则表达式组(parens)匹配日志文件中的初始日期，第二组匹配python文件名、行号和函数名，第三组匹配其后的日志消息。我还使用了“粗体/法线”的平行序列以及颜色序列。这看起来像:
请注意，不匹配任何正则表达式的行或行的一部分仍然被回显，因此这与'grep——color'不同——输出中没有过滤掉任何内容。
显然，这是足够灵活的，您可以将它用于任何进程，而不仅仅是跟踪日志文件。每当我想给一些东西上色时，我通常只是快速地创建一个新的正则表达式。出于这个原因，我更喜欢colout而不是任何自定义日志文件着色工具，因为我只需要学习一种工具，不管我在为什么着色:日志记录、测试输出、在终端中突出显示代码片段的语法等等。
它还避免了在日志文件本身中实际转储ANSI代码，恕我说这是一个坏主意，因为它会破坏日志文件中的grepping模式之类的事情，除非您始终记得在grep正则表达式中匹配ANSI代码。
快速和肮脏的解决方案预定义的日志级别，而不定义一个新的类。
logging.addLevelName( logging.WARNING, "\033[1;31m%s\033[1;0m" % logging.getLevelName(logging.WARNING))
logging.addLevelName( logging.ERROR, "\033[1;41m%s\033[1;0m" % logging.getLevelName(logging.ERROR))
更新:因为这是我长久以来一直想要解决的问题，所以我为像我这样只想用简单方法做事的懒人写了一个库:zenlog
Colorlog在这方面非常出色。它在PyPI上可用(因此可以通过pip install colorlog进行安装)，并且是主动维护的。
下面是一个快速复制粘贴代码片段，用于设置日志记录和打印像样的日志消息:
import logging
LOG_LEVEL = logging.DEBUG
LOGFORMAT = " %(log_color)s%(levelname)-8s%(reset)s | %(log_color)s%(message)s%(reset)s"
from colorlog import ColoredFormatter
logging.root.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)
formatter = ColoredFormatter(LOGFORMAT)
stream = logging.StreamHandler()
stream.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)
stream.setFormatter(formatter)
log = logging.getLogger('pythonConfig')
log.setLevel(LOG_LEVEL)
log.addHandler(stream)
log.debug("A quirky message only developers care about")
log.info("Curious users might want to know this")
log.warn("Something is wrong and any user should be informed")
log.error("Serious stuff, this is red for a reason")
log.critical("OH NO everything is on fire")
输出:
除了按级别着色之外，还可以用交替的颜色突出显示日志消息参数吗?我最近为此写了一些简单的代码。另一个优点是使用Python 3大括号格式进行日志调用。(“{}”)。
查看最新的代码和示例:https://github.com/davidohana/colargulog
日志示例代码:
root_logger = logging.getLogger()
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout)
console_format = "%(asctime)s - %(levelname)-8s - %(name)-25s - %(message)s"
colored_formatter = ColorizedArgsFormatter(console_format)
console_handler.setFormatter(colored_formatter)
root_logger.addHandler(console_handler)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.info("Hello World")
logger.info("Request from {} handled in {:.3f} ms", socket.gethostname(), 11)
logger.info("Request from {} handled in {:.3f} ms", "127.0.0.1", 33.1)
logger.info("My favorite drinks are {}, {}, {}, {}", "milk", "wine", "tea", "beer")
logger.debug("this is a {} message", logging.getLevelName(logging.DEBUG))
logger.info("this is a {} message", logging.getLevelName(logging.INFO))
logger.warning("this is a {} message", logging.getLevelName(logging.WARNING))
logger.error("this is a {} message", logging.getLevelName(logging.ERROR))
logger.critical("this is a {} message", logging.getLevelName(logging.CRITICAL))
logger.info("Does old-style formatting also work? %s it is, but no colors (yet)", True)
输出:
实现:
"""
colargulog - Python3 Logging with Colored Arguments and new string formatting style
Written by david.ohana@ibm.com
License: Apache-2.0
"""
import logging
import logging.handlers
import re
class ColorCodes:
grey = "\x1b[38;21m"
green = "\x1b[1;32m"
yellow = "\x1b[33;21m"
red = "\x1b[31;21m"
bold_red = "\x1b[31;1m"
blue = "\x1b[1;34m"
light_blue = "\x1b[1;36m"
purple = "\x1b[1;35m"
reset = "\x1b[0m"
class ColorizedArgsFormatter(logging.Formatter):
arg_colors = [ColorCodes.purple, ColorCodes.light_blue]
level_fields = ["levelname", "levelno"]
level_to_color = {
logging.DEBUG: ColorCodes.grey,
logging.INFO: ColorCodes.green,
logging.WARNING: ColorCodes.yellow,
logging.ERROR: ColorCodes.red,
logging.CRITICAL: ColorCodes.bold_red,
}
def __init__(self, fmt: str):
super().__init__()
self.level_to_formatter = {}
def add_color_format(level: int):
color = ColorizedArgsFormatter.level_to_color[level]
_format = fmt
for fld in ColorizedArgsFormatter.level_fields:
search = "(%\(" + fld + "\).*?s)"
_format = re.sub(search, f"{color}\\1{ColorCodes.reset}", _format)
formatter = logging.Formatter(_format)
self.level_to_formatter[level] = formatter
add_color_format(logging.DEBUG)
add_color_format(logging.INFO)
add_color_format(logging.WARNING)
add_color_format(logging.ERROR)
add_color_format(logging.CRITICAL)
@staticmethod
def rewrite_record(record: logging.LogRecord):
if not BraceFormatStyleFormatter.is_brace_format_style(record):
return
msg = record.msg
msg = msg.replace("{", "_{{")
msg = msg.replace("}", "_}}")
placeholder_count = 0
# add ANSI escape code for next alternating color before each formatting parameter
# and reset color after it.
while True:
if "_{{" not in msg:
break
color_index = placeholder_count % len(ColorizedArgsFormatter.arg_colors)
color = ColorizedArgsFormatter.arg_colors[color_index]
msg = msg.replace("_{{", color + "{", 1)
msg = msg.replace("_}}", "}" + ColorCodes.reset, 1)
placeholder_count += 1
record.msg = msg.format(*record.args)
record.args = []
def format(self, record):
orig_msg = record.msg
orig_args = record.args
formatter = self.level_to_formatter.get(record.levelno)
self.rewrite_record(record)
formatted = formatter.format(record)
# restore log record to original state for other handlers
record.msg = orig_msg
record.args = orig_args
return formatted
class BraceFormatStyleFormatter(logging.Formatter):
def __init__(self, fmt: str):
super().__init__()
self.formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt)
@staticmethod
def is_brace_format_style(record: logging.LogRecord):
if len(record.args) == 0:
return False
msg = record.msg
if '%' in msg:
return False
count_of_start_param = msg.count("{")
count_of_end_param = msg.count("}")
if count_of_start_param != count_of_end_param:
return False
if count_of_start_param != len(record.args):
return False
return True
@staticmethod
def rewrite_record(record: logging.LogRecord):
if not BraceFormatStyleFormatter.is_brace_format_style(record):
return
record.msg = record.msg.format(*record.args)
record.args = []
def format(self, record):
orig_msg = record.msg
orig_args = record.args
self.rewrite_record(record)
formatted = self.formatter.format(record)
# restore log record to original state for other handlers
record.msg = orig_msg
record.args = orig_args
return formatted
