使用RawTextHelpFormatter获取新行并处理缩进的另一种简单方法是

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    description='test', formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter)

parser.add_argument('-g', choices=['a', 'b', 'g', 'd', 'e'], default='a',
                    help=('Some option, where\n'
                          ' a = alpha\n'
                          ' b = beta\n'
                          ' g = gamma\n'
                          ' d = delta\n'
                          ' e = epsilon'))

parser.parse_args()

输出为

$ python2 x.py -h
usage: x.py [-h] [-g {a,b,g,d,e}]

test

optional arguments:
  -h, --help      show this help message and exit
  -g {a,b,g,d,e}  Some option, where
                   a = alpha
                   b = beta
                   g = gamma
                   d = delta
                   e = epsilon

我承认我发现这是一个非常令人沮丧的经历，因为我看到很多解决方案，我在网上看到很多次这样的问题。但我发现这些解决方案对我来说太复杂了，我想分享我最简单的解决方案。

下面是演示的脚本:

#!/usr/bin/python3
import textwrap
from argparse import ArgumentParser, HelpFormatter

class RawFormatter(HelpFormatter):
    def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
        return "\n".join([textwrap.fill(line, width) for line in textwrap.indent(textwrap.dedent(text), indent).splitlines()])

program_descripton = f'''
    FunkyTool v1.0

    Created by the Funky Guy on January 1 2020
    Copyright 2020. All rights reserved.

    Licensed under The Hippocratic License 2.1
    https://firstdonoharm.dev/

    Distributed on an "AS IS" basis without warranties
    or conditions of any kind, either express or implied.

    USAGE:
    '''

parser = ArgumentParser(description=program_descripton, formatter_class=RawFormatter)
args = parser.parse_args()

下面是它在test.py中的样子:

$ ./test.py --help
usage: test.py [-h]

FunkyTool v1.0

Created by the Funky Guy on January 1 2020
Copyright 2020. All rights reserved.

Licensed under The Hippocratic License 2.1
https://firstdonoharm.dev/

Distributed on an "AS IS" basis without warranties
or conditions of any kind, either express or implied.

USAGE:

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

所以，所有原始描述中的基本格式都被整齐地保留了下来，我们不得不，唉，使用一个自定义格式化器，但它是一个联机程序。它可以写得更清楚:

class RawFormatter(HelpFormatter):
    def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
        text = textwrap.dedent(text)          # Strip the indent from the original python definition that plagues most of us.
        text = textwrap.indent(text, indent)  # Apply any requested indent.
        text = text.splitlines()              # Make a list of lines
        text = [textwrap.fill(line, width) for line in text] # Wrap each line 
        text = "\n".join(text)                # Join the lines again
        return text

但我自己更喜欢写在一行上。

前言

对于这个问题，请使用argparse。RawTextHelpFormatter对我很有帮助。

现在，我想分享如何使用argparse。

我知道这可能和问题无关，

但这些问题已经困扰我一段时间了。

所以我想分享我的经验，希望对别人有所帮助。

开始吧。

第三方模块

Colorama:更改文本颜色:PIP安装Colorama

使ANSI转义字符序列(用于产生彩色终端文本和游标定位)在MS Windows下工作

例子

import colorama
from colorama import Fore, Back
from pathlib import Path
from os import startfile, system

SCRIPT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
TEMPLATE_DIR = SCRIPT_DIR.joinpath('.')


def main(args):
    ...


if __name__ == '__main__':
    colorama.init(autoreset=True)

    from argparse import ArgumentParser, RawTextHelpFormatter

    format_text = FormatText([(20, '<'), (60, '<')])
    yellow_dc = format_text.new_dc(fore_color=Fore.YELLOW)
    green_dc = format_text.new_dc(fore_color=Fore.GREEN)
    red_dc = format_text.new_dc(fore_color=Fore.RED, back_color=Back.LIGHTYELLOW_EX)

    script_description = \
        '\n'.join([desc for desc in
                   [f'\n{green_dc(f"python {Path(__file__).name} [REFERENCE TEMPLATE] [OUTPUT FILE NAME]")} to create template.',
                    f'{green_dc(f"python {Path(__file__).name} -l *")} to get all available template',
                    f'{green_dc(f"python {Path(__file__).name} -o open")} open template directory so that you can put your template file there.',
                    # <- add your own description
                    ]])
    arg_parser = ArgumentParser(description=yellow_dc('CREATE TEMPLATE TOOL'),
                                # conflict_handler='resolve',
                                usage=script_description, formatter_class=RawTextHelpFormatter)

    arg_parser.add_argument("ref", help="reference template", nargs='?')
    arg_parser.add_argument("outfile", help="output file name", nargs='?')
    arg_parser.add_argument("action_number", help="action number", nargs='?', type=int)
    arg_parser.add_argument('--list', "-l", dest='list',
                            help=f"example: {green_dc('-l *')} \n"
                                 "description: list current available template. (accept regex)")

    arg_parser.add_argument('--option', "-o", dest='option',
                            help='\n'.join([format_text(msg_data_list) for msg_data_list in [
                                ['example', 'description'],
                                [green_dc('-o open'), 'open template directory so that you can put your template file there.'],
                                [green_dc('-o run'), '...'],
                                [green_dc('-o ...'), '...'],
                                # <- add your own description
                            ]]))

    g_args = arg_parser.parse_args()
    task_run_list = [[False, lambda: startfile('.')] if g_args.option == 'open' else None,
                     [False, lambda: [print(template_file_path.stem) for template_file_path in TEMPLATE_DIR.glob(f'{g_args.list}.py')]] if g_args.list else None,
                     # <- add your own function
                     ]
    for leave_flag, func in [task_list for task_list in task_run_list if task_list]:
        func()
        if leave_flag:
            exit(0)

    # CHECK POSITIONAL ARGUMENTS
    for attr_name, value in vars(g_args).items():
        if attr_name.startswith('-') or value is not None:
            continue
        system('cls')
        print(f'error required values of {red_dc(attr_name)} is None')
        print(f"if you need help, please use help command to help you: {red_dc(f'python {__file__} -h')}")
        exit(-1)
    main(g_args)

FormatText的类在哪里如下

class FormatText:
    __slots__ = ['align_list']

    def __init__(self, align_list: list, autoreset=True):
        """
        USAGE::

            format_text = FormatText([(20, '<'), (60, '<')])
            red_dc = format_text.new_dc(fore_color=Fore.RED)
            print(red_dc(['column 1', 'column 2']))
            print(red_dc('good morning'))
        :param align_list:
        :param autoreset:
        """
        self.align_list = align_list
        colorama.init(autoreset=autoreset)

    def __call__(self, text_list: list):
        if len(text_list) != len(self.align_list):
            if isinstance(text_list, str):
                return text_list
            raise AttributeError
        return ' '.join(f'{txt:{flag}{int_align}}' for txt, (int_align, flag) in zip(text_list, self.align_list))

    def new_dc(self, fore_color: Fore = Fore.GREEN, back_color: Back = ""):  # DECORATOR
        """create a device context"""
        def wrap(msgs):
            return back_color + fore_color + self(msgs) + Fore.RESET
        return wrap

我也遇到过类似的问题(Python 2.7.6)。我尝试使用RawTextHelpFormatter将描述部分分解成几行:

parser = ArgumentParser(description="""First paragraph 

                                       Second paragraph

                                       Third paragraph""",  
                                       usage='%(prog)s [OPTIONS]', 
                                       formatter_class=RawTextHelpFormatter)

options = parser.parse_args()

和有:

usage: play-with-argparse.py [OPTIONS]

First paragraph 

                        Second paragraph

                        Third paragraph

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

所以RawTextHelpFormatter不是一个解决方案。因为它打印源代码中出现的描述，保留所有空白字符(为了可读性，我想在源代码中保留额外的制表符，但我不想全部打印它们。此外，raw格式化器不会在行太长时换行，例如超过80个字符)。

感谢@Anton，他给了我正确的方向。但是为了格式化描述部分，该解决方案需要稍作修改。

无论如何，需要自定义格式化器。我扩展了现有的HelpFormatter类，并重写了_fill_text方法，如下所示:

import textwrap as _textwrap
class MultilineFormatter(argparse.HelpFormatter):
    def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
        text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip()
        paragraphs = text.split('|n ')
        multiline_text = ''
        for paragraph in paragraphs:
            formatted_paragraph = _textwrap.fill(paragraph, width, initial_indent=indent, subsequent_indent=indent) + '\n\n'
            multiline_text = multiline_text + formatted_paragraph
        return multiline_text

与来自argparse模块的原始源代码比较:

def _fill_text(self, text, width, indent):
    text = self._whitespace_matcher.sub(' ', text).strip()
    return _textwrap.fill(text, width, initial_indent=indent,
                                       subsequent_indent=indent)

在原始代码中，整个描述都被包装了。在上面的自定义格式化器中，整个文本被分割成几个块，每个块都是独立格式化的。

借助自定义格式化器:

parser = ArgumentParser(description= """First paragraph 
                                        |n                              
                                        Second paragraph
                                        |n
                                        Third paragraph""",  
                usage='%(prog)s [OPTIONS]',
                formatter_class=MultilineFormatter)

options = parser.parse_args()

输出结果为:

usage: play-with-argparse.py [OPTIONS]

First paragraph

Second paragraph

Third paragraph

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

使用RawTextHelpFormatter获取新行并处理缩进的另一种简单方法是

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    description='test', formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter)

parser.add_argument('-g', choices=['a', 'b', 'g', 'd', 'e'], default='a',
                    help=('Some option, where\n'
                          ' a = alpha\n'
                          ' b = beta\n'
                          ' g = gamma\n'
                          ' d = delta\n'
                          ' e = epsilon'))

parser.parse_args()

输出为

$ python2 x.py -h
usage: x.py [-h] [-g {a,b,g,d,e}]

test

optional arguments:
  -h, --help      show this help message and exit
  -g {a,b,g,d,e}  Some option, where
                   a = alpha
                   b = beta
                   g = gamma
                   d = delta
                   e = epsilon

我来这里寻找方法来获得ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter的行为，但与换行符和制表符荣誉。特洛伊的代码让我接近了，但最终的结果更简单一些:

class CustomArgumentFormatter(argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter):
    """
    Formats help text to honor newlines and tabs (and show default values).
    """

    # Match multiples of regular spaces only.
    _SPACE_MATCHER = re.compile(r' +', re.ASCII)

    def _split_lines(self, text, width):
        new_text = []
        for line in text.splitlines():
          # For each newline in the help message, replace any multiples of
          # whitespaces (due to indentation in source code) with one space.
          line = self._SPACE_MATCHER.sub(' ', line).rstrip()
          # Fit the line length to the console width
          new_text.extend(textwrap.wrap(line, width))
        return new_text

然后换行符和制表符将按预期出现:

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(formatter_class=CustomArgumentFormatter)

parser.add_argument(
    '--ethernet_config', type=str, required=False, default=None,
    help='Path to a text file that specifies Ethernet network IP settings \
      to use on the board. For example: \
      \n\t ip=192.0.2.100 \
      \n\t subnet_mask=255.255.255.0 \
      \n\t gateway=192.0.2.1')