当尝试将具有双向关联的JPA对象转换为JSON时,我不断得到

org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException: Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError)

我所找到的是这个帖子,基本上是建议避免双向关联。有人有解决这个春季bug的方法吗?

------ edit 2010-07-24 16:26:22 -------

代码片段:

业务对象1:

@Entity
@Table(name = "ta_trainee", uniqueConstraints = {@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"id"})})
public class Trainee extends BusinessObject {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "name", nullable = true)
    private String name;

    @Column(name = "surname", nullable = true)
    private String surname;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "trainee", fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @Column(nullable = true)
    private Set<BodyStat> bodyStats;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "trainee", fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @Column(nullable = true)
    private Set<Training> trainings;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "trainee", fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @Column(nullable = true)
    private Set<ExerciseType> exerciseTypes;

    public Trainee() {
        super();
    }

    //... getters/setters ...
}

业务对象2:

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Date;

@Entity
@Table(name = "ta_bodystat", uniqueConstraints = {@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"id"})})
public class BodyStat extends BusinessObject {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "height", nullable = true)
    private Float height;

    @Column(name = "measuretime", nullable = false)
    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    private Date measureTime;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name="trainee_fk")
    private Trainee trainee;
}

控制器:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/trainees")
public class TraineesController {

    final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TraineesController.class);

    private Map<Long, Trainee> trainees = new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, Trainee>();

    @Autowired
    private ITraineeDAO traineeDAO;
     
    /**
     * Return json repres. of all trainees
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getAllTrainees", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody        
    public Collection getAllTrainees() {
        Collection allTrainees = this.traineeDAO.getAll();

        this.logger.debug("A total of " + allTrainees.size() + "  trainees was read from db");

        return allTrainees;
    }    
}

学员DAO的jpa实现:

@Repository
@Transactional
public class TraineeDAO implements ITraineeDAO {

    @PersistenceContext
    private EntityManager em;

    @Transactional
    public Trainee save(Trainee trainee) {
        em.persist(trainee);
        return trainee;
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public Collection getAll() {
        return (Collection) em.createQuery("SELECT t FROM Trainee t").getResultList();
    }
}

persistence . xml

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
             version="1.0">
    <persistence-unit name="RDBMS" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="validate"/>
            <property name="hibernate.archive.autodetection" value="class"/>
            <property name="dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect"/>
            <!-- <property name="dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>         -->
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

当前回答

如果你使用@JsonManagedReference, @JsonBackReference或@JsonIgnore注释,它会忽略一些字段,并使用Jackson JSON解决无限递归。

但是如果你使用@JsonIdentityInfo也避免无限递归,你可以得到所有的字段值,所以我建议你使用@JsonIdentityInfo注释。

@JsonIdentityInfo(generator= ObjectIdGenerators.UUIDGenerator.class, property="@id")

请参阅本文https://www.toptal.com/javascript/bidirectional-relationship-in-json以更好地理解@JsonIdentityInfo注释。

其他回答

对我来说,最好的解决方案是使用@JsonView,并为每个场景创建特定的过滤器。你也可以使用@JsonManagedReference和@JsonBackReference,但是这是一种硬编码的解决方案,只针对一种情况,即所有者总是引用拥有方,而不是相反。如果您有另一个序列化场景,需要以不同的方式重新注释属性,则不能这样做。

问题

让我们使用两个类,Company和Employee,它们之间有循环依赖关系:

public class Company {

    private Employee employee;

    public Company(Employee employee) {
        this.employee = employee;
    }

    public Employee getEmployee() {
        return employee;
    }
}

public class Employee {

    private Company company;

    public Company getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(Company company) {
        this.company = company;
    }
}

以及尝试使用ObjectMapper (Spring Boot)序列化的测试类:

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Transactional
public class CompanyTest {

    @Autowired
    public ObjectMapper mapper;

    @Test
    public void shouldSaveCompany() throws JsonProcessingException {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        Company company = new Company(employee);
        employee.setCompany(company);

        String jsonCompany = mapper.writeValueAsString(company);
        System.out.println(jsonCompany);
        assertTrue(true);
    }
}

如果你运行这段代码,你会得到:

org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException: Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError)

使用“@JsonView”的解决方案

@JsonView允许您在序列化对象时使用过滤器并选择应该包括哪些字段。筛选器只是用作标识符的类引用。让我们先创建过滤器:

public class Filter {

    public static interface EmployeeData {};

    public static interface CompanyData extends EmployeeData {};

} 

请记住,过滤器是虚拟类,仅用于使用@JsonView注释指定字段,因此您可以根据需要创建任意数量的字段。让我们来看看它的实际操作,但首先我们需要注释我们的Company类:

public class Company {

    @JsonView(Filter.CompanyData.class)
    private Employee employee;

    public Company(Employee employee) {
        this.employee = employee;
    }

    public Employee getEmployee() {
        return employee;
    }
}

并更改Test以便序列化器使用视图:

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Transactional
public class CompanyTest {

    @Autowired
    public ObjectMapper mapper;

    @Test
    public void shouldSaveCompany() throws JsonProcessingException {
        Employee employee = new Employee();
        Company company = new Company(employee);
        employee.setCompany(company);

        ObjectWriter writter = mapper.writerWithView(Filter.CompanyData.class);
        String jsonCompany = writter.writeValueAsString(company);

        System.out.println(jsonCompany);
        assertTrue(true);
    }
}

现在,如果运行这段代码,无限递归问题就解决了,因为您已经显式地说过,您只想序列化用@JsonView(Filter.CompanyData.class)注释的属性。

当它到达Employee中company的后向引用时,它检查它是否没有注释并忽略序列化。您还有一个强大而灵活的解决方案来选择希望通过REST api发送哪些数据。

使用Spring,您可以使用所需的@JsonView过滤器注释REST Controllers方法,序列化将透明地应用到返回的对象。

下面是用于检查的导入:

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectWriter;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonView;

出于某种原因,在我的情况下,它不能与赛特一起工作。我必须将其更改为List并使用@JsonIgnore和@ToString。排除让它工作。

用List替换Set:

//before
@OneToMany(mappedBy="client")
private Set<address> addressess;

//after
@OneToMany(mappedBy="client")
private List<address> addressess;

并添加@JsonIgnore和@ToString。排除注释:

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="client_id", nullable = false)
@JsonIgnore
@ToString.Exclude
private Client client;

这篇文章:https://www.baeldung.com/jackson-bidirectional-relationships-and-infinite-recursion 有一个完整的解释。

如果您正在使用旧版本的Jackson,可以尝试@jsonmanagedreference + @jsonbackreference。如果你的Jackson值超过2(1.9也不行,我知道),试试@JsonIdentityInfo。

在做了更多的分析后,我也有同样的问题,我知道,我们也可以通过在OneToMany注释中保持@JsonBackReference来获得映射实体

@Entity
@Table(name = "ta_trainee", uniqueConstraints = {@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"id"})})
public class Trainee extends BusinessObject {

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.TABLE)
@Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
private Integer id;

@Column(name = "name", nullable = true)
private String name;

@Column(name = "surname", nullable = true)
private String surname;

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "trainee", fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
@Column(nullable = true)
@JsonBackReference
private Set<BodyStat> bodyStats;

对我来说很好 解决Json无限递归问题时,与杰克逊

这是我在多对多和多对一映射中所做的

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="Key")
@JsonBackReference
private LgcyIsp Key;


@OneToMany(mappedBy="LgcyIsp ")
@JsonManagedReference
private List<Safety> safety;