这将涵盖所有场景

1.获取包的意图

2.如果意图为空重定向用户到播放商店

3.如果打开playstore存在问题，那么它将在默认浏览器上打开。

var intent = activity!!.packageManager.getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.google.android.youtube")

          if (intent == null) {
            if (intent == null) {
                    intent = try {
                        Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("market://details?id=com.google.android.youtube"))
                    } catch (e: Exception) {
                        Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.youtube"))
                    }
                }
             startActivity(intent)

对于Android 11 (API级别30)或更高，在AndroidManifest.xml中，

<queries>
    <package android:name="com.google.android.youtube" />
    <package android:name="com.example.app" />
</queries>

或者我们可以允许所有的包(不推荐)

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES" tools:ignore="QueryAllPackagesPermission" />

参考文献

Android上的包可见性过滤

声明包可见性需求

我找到了解决办法。在应用程序的清单文件中，我找到了包的名称:com.package.address和我想启动的主活动的名称:MainActivity 下面的代码启动这个应用程序:

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.package.address","com.package.address.MainActivity"));
startActivity(intent);

试试下面的代码:

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("package_name", "Class_name"));
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) 
{
   startActivity(intent);
}

// in onCreate method
String appName = "Gmail";
String packageName = "com.google.android.gm";
openApp(context, appName, packageName);

public static void openApp(Context context, String appName, String packageName) {
    if (isAppInstalled(context, packageName))
        if (isAppEnabled(context, packageName))
            context.startActivity(context.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(packageName));
        else Toast.makeText(context, appName + " app is not enabled.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    else Toast.makeText(context, appName + " app is not installed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

private static boolean isAppInstalled(Context context, String packageName) {
    PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
    try {
        pm.getPackageInfo(packageName, PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
        return true;
    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException ignored) {
    }
    return false;
}

private static boolean isAppEnabled(Context context, String packageName) {
    boolean appStatus = false;
    try {
        ApplicationInfo ai = context.getPackageManager().getApplicationInfo(packageName, 0);
        if (ai != null) {
            appStatus = ai.enabled;
        }
    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return appStatus;
}

从API 30 (Android 11)开始，你可以通过launchIntentForPackage接收nullpointerexception

val launchIntent: Intent? = activity.packageManager.getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.google.android.gm")
startActivity(launchIntent) 

为了避免这种情况，您需要将所需的包添加到清单中

<queries>
    <package android:name="com.google.android.gm" />
</queries>

这里是文档 https://developer.android.com/training/package-visibility

而媒体文章 https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/package-visibility-in-android-11-cc857f221cd9

private fun openOtherApp() {
        val sendIntent = packageManager.getLaunchIntentForPackage("org.mab.dhyanaqrscanner")
        startActivity(sendIntent)
        finishAffinity()
    }