我找到了解决办法。在应用程序的清单文件中，我找到了包的名称:com.package.address和我想启动的主活动的名称:MainActivity 下面的代码启动这个应用程序:

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.package.address","com.package.address.MainActivity"));
startActivity(intent);

检查应用程序，避免任何崩溃。如果应用程序在手机中存在，那么它将被启动，否则它将在谷歌Play中搜索。如果手机没有安装谷歌Play app，手机会通过浏览器在谷歌Play Store中搜索:

public void onLunchAnotherApp() {
    final String appPackageName = getApplicationContext().getPackageName();

    Intent intent = getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(appPackageName);
    if (intent != null) {
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        startActivity(intent);
    } else {
        onGoToAnotherInAppStore(intent, appPackageName);
    }
}

public void onGoToAnotherInAppStore(Intent intent, String appPackageName) {
    try {
        intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse("market://details?id=" + appPackageName));
        startActivity(intent);
    } catch (android.content.ActivityNotFoundException anfe) {
        intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=" + appPackageName));
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

如果你知道数据和安装的包的反应，你只需在启动之前将这些信息添加到你的intent实例中。

如果你可以访问其他应用程序的AndroidManifest，你可以在那里看到所有需要的信息。

// in onCreate method
String appName = "Gmail";
String packageName = "com.google.android.gm";
openApp(context, appName, packageName);

public static void openApp(Context context, String appName, String packageName) {
    if (isAppInstalled(context, packageName))
        if (isAppEnabled(context, packageName))
            context.startActivity(context.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(packageName));
        else Toast.makeText(context, appName + " app is not enabled.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    else Toast.makeText(context, appName + " app is not installed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

private static boolean isAppInstalled(Context context, String packageName) {
    PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
    try {
        pm.getPackageInfo(packageName, PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);
        return true;
    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException ignored) {
    }
    return false;
}

private static boolean isAppEnabled(Context context, String packageName) {
    boolean appStatus = false;
    try {
        ApplicationInfo ai = context.getPackageManager().getApplicationInfo(packageName, 0);
        if (ai != null) {
            appStatus = ai.enabled;
        }
    } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return appStatus;
}

我知道这个问题已经得到了回答，但以下是我如何实现类似的东西:

Intent intent = getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.package.name");
if (intent != null) {
    // We found the activity now start the activity
    intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
    startActivity(intent);
} else {
    // Bring user to the market or let them choose an app?
    intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
    intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("market://details?id=" + "com.package.name"));
    startActivity(intent);
}

更好的方法是:

public void startNewActivity(Context context, String packageName) {
    Intent intent = context.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(packageName);
    if (intent != null) {
        // We found the activity now start the activity
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    } else {
        // Bring user to the market or let them choose an app?
        intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse("market://details?id=" + packageName));
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }
}

删除重复代码:

public void startNewActivity(Context context, String packageName) {
    Intent intent = context.getPackageManager().getLaunchIntentForPackage(packageName);
    if (intent == null) {
        // Bring user to the market or let them choose an app?
        intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse("market://details?id=" + packageName));
    }
    intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
    context.startActivity(intent);
}

下面是我的例子，如果有人觉得有用，我就从我的应用程序中启动条形码/QR码扫描仪

Intent intent = new Intent("com.google.zxing.client.android.SCAN");
intent.setPackage("com.google.zxing.client.android");

try 
{
    startActivityForResult(intent, SCAN_REQUEST_CODE);
} 
catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) 
{
    //implement prompt dialog asking user to download the package
    AlertDialog.Builder downloadDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    downloadDialog.setTitle(stringTitle);
    downloadDialog.setMessage(stringMessage);
    downloadDialog.setPositiveButton("yes",
            new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() 
            {
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) 
                {
                    Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:com.google.zxing.client.android");
                    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
                    try
                    {
                        myActivity.this.startActivity(intent);
                    }
                    catch (ActivityNotFoundException e)
                    {
                        Dialogs.this.showAlert("ERROR", "Google Play Market not found!");
                    }
                }
            });
    downloadDialog.setNegativeButton("no",
            new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() 
            {
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) 
                {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                }
            });
    downloadDialog.show();
}