虽然存在解决方案用途('Agg')，但可能有人对解决x11感兴趣。

假设我们有一个用户ml，在ubuntu20上使用python3…

首先，以ml的身份登录，并编写ml.py

$ cat ml.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.random.randn(60)
y = np.random.randn(60)

plt.scatter(x, y, s=20)

out_png = 'out_file.png'
plt.savefig(out_png, dpi=150)

在运行文件之前，我们应该设置x11，

$ whoami
ml

$ touch ~/.Xauthority

$ ls .Xauthority
.Xauthority

# only this one key is needed for X11 over SSH 
xauth generate :14 . trusted 

$ echo $DISPLAY
localhost:14.0

$ xauth list
ml/unix:14  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  b6a2833785df5e75e2c8bc34045a55a6

运行……

$ python3 ml.py
Matplotlib created a temporary config/cache directory at /tmp/matplotlib-rk288ipf because the default path (/home/ml/.config/matplotlib) is not a writable directory; it is highly recommended to set the MPLCONFIGDIR environment variable to a writable directory, in particular to speed up the import of Matplotlib and to better support multiprocessing.
Matplotlib is building the font cache; this may take a moment.
qt.qpa.xcb: X server does not support XInput 2
failed to get the current screen resources

更新OpenGL和x11-apps，重新运行

$ python3 ml.py
Matplotlib created a temporary config/cache directory at /tmp/matplotlib-87at6bw8 because the default path (/home/zzx/.config/matplotlib) is not a writable directory; it is highly recommended to set the MPLCONFIGDIR environment variable to a writable directory, in particular to speed up the import of Matplotlib and to better support multiprocessing.
qt.qpa.xcb: X server does not support XInput 2
failed to get the current screen resources

似乎我们不能得到out_file.png，但是…

$ export QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1

然后重新运行文件，我们得到图像，:)

为了增加答案，我在所需脚本的开头使用了这个。所以它可以在不同的环境下顺利运行。

import os
import matplotlib as mpl
if os.environ.get('DISPLAY','') == '':
    print('no display found. Using non-interactive Agg backend')
    mpl.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

因为我不希望它总是使用“Agg”后端，只有当它将通过Travis CI为例。

我在Colab上遇到了这个问题，下面的代码行解决了它。 把它放在笔记本的开头。 参考

### CREATE VIRTUAL DISPLAY ###
!apt-get install -y xvfb # Install X Virtual Frame Buffer
import os
os.system('Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1600x1200x16  &')    # create virtual display with size 1600x1200 and 16 bit color. Color can be changed to 24 or 8
os.environ['DISPLAY']=':1.0'    # tell X clients to use our virtual DISPLAY :1.0.

%matplotlib inline

### INSTALL GHOSTSCRIPT (Required to display NLTK trees) ###
!apt install ghostscript python3-tk

另一种解决方案是安装Xvfb，并将显示导出到它。 即:

disp=:8
screen=0
geom=640x480x24
exec Xvfb $disp -screen $screen $geom 2>/tmp/Xvfb.log &

Then

$ export DISPLAY=:8

美元。/ example.py

虽然存在解决方案用途('Agg')，但可能有人对解决x11感兴趣。

假设我们有一个用户ml，在ubuntu20上使用python3…

首先，以ml的身份登录，并编写ml.py

$ cat ml.py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.random.randn(60)
y = np.random.randn(60)

plt.scatter(x, y, s=20)

out_png = 'out_file.png'
plt.savefig(out_png, dpi=150)

在运行文件之前，我们应该设置x11，

$ whoami
ml

$ touch ~/.Xauthority

$ ls .Xauthority
.Xauthority

# only this one key is needed for X11 over SSH 
xauth generate :14 . trusted 

$ echo $DISPLAY
localhost:14.0

$ xauth list
ml/unix:14  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  b6a2833785df5e75e2c8bc34045a55a6

运行……

$ python3 ml.py
Matplotlib created a temporary config/cache directory at /tmp/matplotlib-rk288ipf because the default path (/home/ml/.config/matplotlib) is not a writable directory; it is highly recommended to set the MPLCONFIGDIR environment variable to a writable directory, in particular to speed up the import of Matplotlib and to better support multiprocessing.
Matplotlib is building the font cache; this may take a moment.
qt.qpa.xcb: X server does not support XInput 2
failed to get the current screen resources

更新OpenGL和x11-apps，重新运行

$ python3 ml.py
Matplotlib created a temporary config/cache directory at /tmp/matplotlib-87at6bw8 because the default path (/home/zzx/.config/matplotlib) is not a writable directory; it is highly recommended to set the MPLCONFIGDIR environment variable to a writable directory, in particular to speed up the import of Matplotlib and to better support multiprocessing.
qt.qpa.xcb: X server does not support XInput 2
failed to get the current screen resources

似乎我们不能得到out_file.png，但是…

$ export QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1

然后重新运行文件，我们得到图像，:)

我在使用Xshell连接Linux服务器时也遇到了这个问题。

在寻找方法后，我找到了用matplotlib解决图像imshow问题的Xming + Xshell。

如果上述解决方案不能解决您的问题，请在使用Xshell的情况下尝试下载Xming。然后在Xshell中设置属性，SSH->tunnel->X11transfer->choose X DISPLAY localhost:0.0