在一次采访中,有人问我为什么String是不可变的

我是这样回答的:

当我们在java中创建一个字符串,如string s1="hello";然后一个 对象将在字符串池(hello)中创建,s1将 指着你好。现在如果我们再次执行String s2="hello";然后 不会创建另一个对象,但s2将指向hello 因为JVM将首先检查相同的对象是否在 是否为字符串池。如果不存在,则只创建一个新的,否则不存在。

现在如果假设java允许字符串可变,那么如果我们将s1改为hello world,那么s2值也将是hello world,所以java字符串是不可变的。

谁能告诉我我的答案是对的还是错的?


当前回答

字符串是不可变的Sun微系统,因为字符串可以用来存储在地图集合的关键。 StringBuffer是可变的,这就是它不能在map对象中用作键的原因

其他回答

String类是FINAL,这意味着你不能创建任何类来继承它,改变基本结构,使Sting可变。

另一件事,实例变量和String类的方法是这样的,你不能改变String对象一旦创建。

您所添加的内容并没有使字符串成为不可变的。这些都说明了字符串是如何存储在堆中的。字符串池在性能上也有巨大的差异

根据DZone的这篇文章,最重要的原因是:

字符串常量池 ... 如果字符串是可变的,用一个引用更改字符串将导致其他引用得到错误的值。 安全 字符串被广泛用作许多java类的参数,例如网络连接,打开文件等。如果字符串不是不可变的,则连接或文件将被更改,从而导致严重的安全威胁。 ...

希望对你有所帮助。

如果HELLO是你的字符串,那么你不能把HELLO改成HILLO。这个性质叫做不可变性。

你可以有多个指针字符串变量指向HELLO字符串。

但是如果HELLO是char Array,那么你可以将HELLO改为HILLO。例如,

char[] charArr = 'HELLO';
char[1] = 'I'; //you can do this

答:

编程语言具有不可变的数据变量,因此可以作为键、值对中的键使用。字符串变量用作键/索引,因此它们是不可变的。

字符串是不可变的有几个原因,这里是一个总结:

Security: parameters are typically represented as String in network connections, database connection urls, usernames/passwords etc. If it were mutable, these parameters could be easily changed. Synchronization and concurrency: making String immutable automatically makes them thread safe thereby solving the synchronization issues. Caching: when compiler optimizes your String objects, it sees that if two objects have same value (a="test", and b="test") and thus you need only one string object (for both a and b, these two will point to the same object). Class loading: String is used as arguments for class loading. If mutable, it could result in wrong class being loaded (because mutable objects change their state).

也就是说,String的不可变性只是意味着你不能使用它的公共API改变它。实际上,您可以使用反射绕过常规API。在这里看到答案。

在你的例子中,如果String是可变的,那么考虑下面的例子:

  String a="stack";
  System.out.println(a);//prints stack
  a.setValue("overflow");
  System.out.println(a);//if mutable it would print overflow

由于以下方面的设计、效率和安全性,Java开发人员决定字符串是不可变的。

Design Strings are created in a special memory area in java heap known as "String Intern pool". While you creating new String (Not in the case of using String() constructor or any other String functions which internally use the String() constructor for creating a new String object; String() constructor always create new string constant in the pool unless we call the method intern()) variable it searches the pool to check whether is it already exist. If it is exist, then return reference of the existing String object. If the String is not immutable, changing the String with one reference will lead to the wrong value for the other references.

根据DZone上的这篇文章:

Security String is widely used as parameter for many java classes, e.g. network connection, opening files, etc. Were String not immutable, a connection or file would be changed and lead to serious security threat. Mutable strings could cause security problem in Reflection too, as the parameters are strings. Efficiency The hashcode of string is frequently used in Java. For example, in a HashMap. Being immutable guarantees that hashcode will always the same, so that it can be cached without worrying the changes.That means, there is no need to calculate hashcode every time it is used.