我很抱歉回答这么长，但是，你要达到你想要的地方还有一段路要走。我想说的是，通常情况下，你不会把数据库的存储放在与数据库本身相同的容器中，你要么挂载一个主机卷，这样数据就可以保存在docker主机上，或者，也许可以用一个容器来保存数据(/var/lib/mysql)。此外，我是mysql的新手，所以，这可能不是超级有效的。也就是说……
我觉得这里可能有一些问题。Dockerfile用于创建映像。您需要执行构建步骤。至少，从包含Dockerfile的目录中，你会做如下的事情:
docker build .
Dockerfile描述要创建的映像。我对mysql不太了解(我是postgres的粉丝)，但是，我在网上搜索了一下“如何初始化一个mysql docker容器”。首先我创建了一个新目录，我称之为mdir，然后我创建了一个文件目录，我存放了一个epcis_schema。创建一个数据库和一个表的SQL文件:
create database test;
use test;
CREATE TABLE testtab
(
id INTEGER AUTO_INCREMENT,
name TEXT,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) COMMENT='this is my test table';
然后我在files目录中创建了一个名为init_db的脚本:
#!/bin/bash
# Initialize MySQL database.
# ADD this file into the container via Dockerfile.
# Assuming you specify a VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"] or `-v /var/lib/mysql` on the `docker run` command…
# Once built, do e.g. `docker run your_image /path/to/docker-mysql-initialize.sh`
# Again, make sure MySQL is persisting data outside the container for this to have any effect.
set -e
set -x
mysql_install_db
# Start the MySQL daemon in the background.
/usr/sbin/mysqld &
mysql_pid=$!
until mysqladmin ping >/dev/null 2>&1; do
echo -n "."; sleep 0.2
done
# Permit root login without password from outside container.
mysql -e "GRANT ALL ON *.* TO root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '' WITH GRANT OPTION"
# create the default database from the ADDed file.
mysql < /tmp/epcis_schema.sql
# Tell the MySQL daemon to shutdown.
mysqladmin shutdown
# Wait for the MySQL daemon to exit.
wait $mysql_pid
# create a tar file with the database as it currently exists
tar czvf default_mysql.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql
# the tarfile contains the initialized state of the database.
# when the container is started, if the database is empty (/var/lib/mysql)
# then it is unpacked from default_mysql.tar.gz from
# the ENTRYPOINT /tmp/run_db script
(这个脚本的大部分内容都是从这里获取的:https://gist.github.com/pda/9697520)
下面是我创建的files/run_db脚本:
# start db
set -e
set -x
# first, if the /var/lib/mysql directory is empty, unpack it from our predefined db
[ "$(ls -A /var/lib/mysql)" ] && echo "Running with existing database in /var/lib/mysql" || ( echo 'Populate initial db'; tar xpzvf default_mysql.tar.gz )
/usr/sbin/mysqld
最后，Dockerfile将它们全部绑定:
FROM mysql
MAINTAINER (me) <email>
# Copy the database schema to the /data directory
ADD files/run_db files/init_db files/epcis_schema.sql /tmp/
# init_db will create the default
# database from epcis_schema.sql, then
# stop mysqld, and finally copy the /var/lib/mysql directory
# to default_mysql_db.tar.gz
RUN /tmp/init_db
# run_db starts mysqld, but first it checks
# to see if the /var/lib/mysql directory is empty, if
# it is it is seeded with default_mysql_db.tar.gz before
# the mysql is fired up
ENTRYPOINT "/tmp/run_db"
所以，我cd'ed到我的mdir目录(其中有Dockerfile和files目录)。然后运行命令:
docker build --no-cache .
你应该看到如下输出:
Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.168 kB
Sending build context to Docker daemon
Step 0 : FROM mysql
---> 461d07d927e6
Step 1 : MAINTAINER (me) <email>
---> Running in 963e8de55299
---> 2fd67c825c34
Removing intermediate container 963e8de55299
Step 2 : ADD files/run_db files/init_db files/epcis_schema.sql /tmp/
---> 81871189374b
Removing intermediate container 3221afd8695a
Step 3 : RUN /tmp/init_db
---> Running in 8dbdf74b2a79
+ mysql_install_db
2015-03-19 16:40:39 12 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
...
/var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
---> 885ec2f1a7d5
Removing intermediate container 8dbdf74b2a79
Step 4 : ENTRYPOINT "/tmp/run_db"
---> Running in 717ed52ba665
---> 7f6d5215fe8d
Removing intermediate container 717ed52ba665
Successfully built 7f6d5215fe8d
你现在有一个图像'7f6d5215fe8d'。我可以运行这个图像:
docker run -d 7f6d5215fe8d
然后图像开始，我看到一个实例字符串:
4b377ac7397ff5880bc9218abe6d7eadd49505d50efb5063d6fab796ee157bd3
然后我可以“停止”它，并重新启动它。
docker stop 4b377
docker start 4b377
如果你查看日志，第一行将包含:
docker logs 4b377
Populate initial db
var/lib/mysql/
...
然后，在日志的末尾:
Running with existing database in /var/lib/mysql
这些是来自/tmp/run_db脚本的消息，第一个消息表明数据库是从保存的(初始)版本解包的，第二个消息表明数据库已经存在，因此使用了现有的副本。
下面是我上面描述的目录结构的ls -lR。注意init_db和run_db是设置了执行位的脚本:
gregs-air:~ gfausak$ ls -Rl mdir
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 gfausak wheel 534 Mar 19 11:13 Dockerfile
drwxr-xr-x 5 gfausak staff 170 Mar 19 11:24 files
mdir/files:
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 gfausak staff 126 Mar 19 11:14 epcis_schema.sql
-rwxr-xr-x 1 gfausak staff 1226 Mar 19 11:16 init_db
-rwxr-xr-x 1 gfausak staff 284 Mar 19 11:23 run_db
