我已经实现了下面的解决方法来解决这个问题。

我已经使用命令提示符设置了ORACLE_HOME (右键单击cmd.exe并以系统管理员身份运行)。 使用以下命令 设置oracle_home="到oracle home的路径" 进入“所有程序——> Oracle -ora home1——>配置迁移工具——> Net Manager——> Listener” 从下拉菜单中选择数据库服务。 全局数据库名和SID都设置为相同(在我的例子中是ORCL)。 设置“Oracle Home Directory”。

Oracle Net Manager窗口示例:

单击File并保存网络配置。

对于Dbeaver用户:尝试在连接设置中选择“SID”而不是“服务名称”。

对于那些可能在虚拟机中运行Oracle的人(比如我)，我看到这个问题是因为我的虚拟机内存不足，这似乎阻止了OracleDB正确启动/运行。增加我的虚拟机内存和重新启动修复了这个问题。

从服务启动OracleServiceXXX。我在Windows系统下使用msc。

对我来说，这是由于使用动态ipaddress安装造成的。我用一个静态ipaddress重新安装了Oracle，然后一切都好了

这里有很多答案，但这里有一个工作示例的代码，你可以立即复制、粘贴和测试:

对我来说，在指定正确的SERVICE_NAME后，错误12514得到了解决。 您可以在服务器上的文件tnsnames中找到它。ora自带3个预定义的服务名称(其中一个是“XE”)。

I installed the Oracle Express database OracleXE112 which already comes with some preinstalled demo tables. When you start the installer you are asked for a password. I entered "xxx" as password. (not used in production) My server runs on the machine 192.168.1.158 On the server you must explicitely allow access for the process TNSLSNR.exe in the Windows Firewall. This process listens on port 1521. OPTION A: For C# (.NET2 or .NET4) you can download ODAC11, from which you have to add Oracle.DataAccess.dll to your project. Additionally this DLL depends on: OraOps11w.dll, oci.dll, oraociei11.dll (130MB!), msvcr80.dll. These DLLs must be in the same directory as the EXE or you must specify the DLL path in: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Oracle\ODP.NET\4.112.4.0\DllPath. On 64 bit machines write additionally to HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Oracle\... OPTION B: If you have downloaded ODAC12 you need Oracle.DataAccess.dll, OraOps12w.dll, oci.dll, oraociei12.dll (160MB!), oraons.dll, msvcr100.dll. The Registry path is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Oracle\ODP.NET\4.121.2.0\DllPath OPTION C: If you don't want huge DLL's of more than 100 MB you should download ODP.NET_Managed12.x.x.x.xxxxx.zip in which you find Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.dll which is only 4 MB and is a pure managed DLL which works in 32 bit and 64 bit processes as well and depends on no other DLL and does not require any registry entries. The following C# code works for me without any configuration on the server side (just the default installation):

using Oracle.DataAccess.Client;
or
using Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client;

....

string oradb = "Data Source=(DESCRIPTION="
    + "(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.158)(PORT=1521)))"
    + "(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=XE)));"
    + "User Id=SYSTEM;Password=xxx;";

using (OracleConnection conn = new OracleConnection(oradb)) 
{
    conn.Open();
    using (OracleCommand cmd = new OracleCommand())
    {
        cmd.Connection  = conn;
        cmd.CommandText = "select TABLESPACE_NAME from DBA_DATA_FILES";

        using (OracleDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader())
        {
            while (dr.Read())
            {
                listBox.Items.Add(dr["TABLESPACE_NAME"]);
            }
        }
    }
}

如果SERVICE_NAME=XE错误，则会得到错误12514。SERVICE_NAME是可选的。你也可以把它放在一边。