解释了将数据从父节点传递到子节点的概念，反之亦然。

import React, { Component } from "react"; import ReactDOM from "react-dom"; // taken refrence from https://gist.github.com/sebkouba/a5ac75153ef8d8827b98 //example to show how to send value between parent and child // props is the data which is passed to the child component from the parent component class Parent extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { fieldVal: "" }; } onUpdateParent = val => { this.setState({ fieldVal: val }); }; render() { return ( // To achieve the child-parent communication, we can send a function // as a Prop to the child component. This function should do whatever // it needs to in the component e.g change the state of some property. //we are passing the function onUpdateParent to the child <div> <h2>Parent</h2> Value in Parent Component State: {this.state.fieldVal} <br /> <Child onUpdate={this.onUpdateParent} /> <br /> <OtherChild passedVal={this.state.fieldVal} /> </div> ); } } class Child extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { fieldValChild: "" }; } updateValues = e => { console.log(e.target.value); this.props.onUpdate(e.target.value); // onUpdateParent would be passed here and would result // into onUpdateParent(e.target.value) as it will replace this.props.onUpdate //with itself. this.setState({ fieldValChild: e.target.value }); }; render() { return ( <div> <h4>Child</h4> <input type="text" placeholder="type here" onChange={this.updateValues} value={this.state.fieldVal} /> </div> ); } } class OtherChild extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <h4>OtherChild</h4> Value in OtherChild Props: {this.props.passedVal} <h5> the child can directly get the passed value from parent by this.props{" "} </h5> </div> ); } } ReactDOM.render(<Parent />, document.getElementById("root"));

你应该学习Redux和ReactRedux库。它将在一个存储中构建您的状态和道具，您可以稍后在组件中访问它们。

我很惊讶，在我写作的时候，没有一个简单的惯用React解决方案。所以这里是一个(比较大小和复杂性):

class P extends React.Component {
    state = { foo : "" };

    render(){
        const { foo } = this.state;

        return (
            <div>
                <C1 value={ foo } onChange={ x => this.setState({ foo : x })} />
                <C2 value={ foo } />
            </div>
        )
    }
}

const C1 = ({ value, onChange }) => (
    <input type="text"
           value={ value }
           onChange={ e => onChange( e.target.value ) } />
);

const C2 = ({ value }) => (
    <div>Reacting on value change: { value }</div>
);

我正在从子元素设置父元素的状态。这似乎违背了React的设计原则:单向数据流。

任何受控输入(React中使用表单的惯用方式)在onChange回调中更新父状态，仍然不会泄露任何信息。

例如，仔细看看C1组件。在C1和内置输入组件处理状态变化的方式上，您看到有什么显著的区别吗?你不应该，因为根本就没有。提升状态并传递value/onChange对是原始React的惯用方法。而不是像一些答案所暗示的那样使用裁判。

五年后，随着React Hooks的引入，现在有了更优雅的方式来使用useContext钩子。

你在全局范围内定义context，在父组件中导出变量、对象和函数，然后在应用中提供的上下文中包装子组件，并在子组件中导入任何你需要的东西。下面是概念的证明。

import React, { useState, useContext } from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import styles from "./styles.css";

// Create context container in a global scope so it can be visible by every component
const ContextContainer = React.createContext(null);

const initialAppState = {
  selected: "Nothing"
};

function App() {
  // The app has a state variable and update handler
  const [appState, updateAppState] = useState(initialAppState);

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Passing state between components</h1>

      {/* 
          This is a context provider. We wrap in it any children that might want to access
          App's variables.
          In 'value' you can pass as many objects, functions as you want. 
           We wanna share appState and its handler with child components,           
       */}
      <ContextContainer.Provider value={{ appState, updateAppState }}>
        {/* Here we load some child components */}
        <Book title="GoT" price="10" />
        <DebugNotice />
      </ContextContainer.Provider>
    </div>
  );
}

// Child component Book
function Book(props) {
  // Inside the child component you can import whatever the context provider allows.
  // Earlier we passed value={{ appState, updateAppState }}
  // In this child we need the appState and the update handler
  const { appState, updateAppState } = useContext(ContextContainer);

  function handleCommentChange(e) {
    //Here on button click we call updateAppState as we would normally do in the App
    // It adds/updates comment property with input value to the appState
    updateAppState({ ...appState, comment: e.target.value });
  }

  return (
    <div className="book">
      <h2>{props.title}</h2>
      <p>${props.price}</p>
      <input
        type="text"
        //Controlled Component. Value is reverse vound the value of the variable in state
        value={appState.comment}
        onChange={handleCommentChange}
      />
      <br />
      <button
        type="button"
        // Here on button click we call updateAppState as we would normally do in the app
        onClick={() => updateAppState({ ...appState, selected: props.title })}
      >
        Select This Book
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

// Just another child component
function DebugNotice() {
  // Inside the child component you can import whatever the context provider allows.
  // Earlier we passed value={{ appState, updateAppState }}
  // but in this child we only need the appState to display its value
  const { appState } = useContext(ContextContainer);

  /* Here we pretty print the current state of the appState  */
  return (
    <div className="state">
      <h2>appState</h2>
      <pre>{JSON.stringify(appState, null, 2)}</pre>
    </div>
  );
}

const rootElement = document.body;
ReactDOM.render(<App />, rootElement);

您可以在代码沙盒编辑器中运行此示例。

使用React >= 16.3，你可以使用ref和forwardRef，从父节点获取子节点的DOM。不要再用旧的裁判方式了。 下面是使用你的案例的例子:

import React, { Component } from 'react';

export default class P extends React.Component {
   constructor (props) {
      super(props)
      this.state = {data: 'test' }
      this.onUpdate = this.onUpdate.bind(this)
      this.ref = React.createRef();
   }

   onUpdate(data) {
      this.setState({data : this.ref.current.value}) 
   }

   render () {
      return (
        <div>
           <C1 ref={this.ref} onUpdate={this.onUpdate}/>
           <C2 data={this.state.data}/>
        </div>
      )
   }
}

const C1 = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => (
    <div>
        <input type='text' ref={ref} onChange={props.onUpdate} />
    </div>
));

class C2 extends React.Component {
    render () {
       return <div>C2 reacts : {this.props.data}</div>
    }
}

有关Refs和ForwardRef的详细信息，请参见Refs和ForwardRef。

第一个解决方案(将状态保存在父组件中)是正确的。然而，对于更复杂的问题，你应该考虑一些状态管理库，redux是react最常用的一个。