我正在用Python文本阅读Sweigart的《自动化无聊的东西》。我正在使用IDLE,并且已经安装了Selenium模块和Firefox浏览器。

每当我试图运行webdriver函数,我得到这个:

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

例外:

Exception ignored in: <bound method Service.__del__ of <selenium.webdriver.firefox.service.Service object at 0x00000249C0DA1080>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 163, in __del__
    self.stop()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 135, in stop
    if self.process is None:
AttributeError: 'Service' object has no attribute 'process'
Exception ignored in: <bound method Service.__del__ of <selenium.webdriver.firefox.service.Service object at 0x00000249C0E08128>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 163, in __del__
    self.stop()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 135, in stop
    if self.process is None:
AttributeError: 'Service' object has no attribute 'process'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 64, in start
    stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\subprocess.py", line 947, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\subprocess.py", line 1224, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified

在处理上述异常时,发生了另一个异常:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Firefox()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 135, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 71, in start
    os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

我想我需要为geckodriver设置路径,但我不确定如何,所以我该如何做到这一点?


当前回答

令人遗憾的是,没有一本关于Selenium/Python的书籍以及通过谷歌发表的关于这个问题的大多数评论都没有清楚地解释在Mac上设置这个的路径逻辑(一切都是Windows!)YouTube上的视频都是在你设置好路径之后(在我看来,这是最便宜的出路!)所以,对于你优秀的Mac用户来说,使用下面的命令来编辑你的Bash路径文件:

touch ~/.bash_profile; open ~/.bash_profile*

然后添加一个类似....的路径

# Setting PATH for geckodriver
PATH=“/usr/bin/geckodriver:${PATH}”
export PATH

# Setting PATH for Selenium Firefox
PATH=“~/Users/yourNamePATH/VEnvPythonInterpreter/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/:${PATH}”
export PATH

# Setting PATH for executable on Firefox driver
PATH=“/Users/yournamePATH/VEnvPythonInterpreter/lib/python2.7/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py:${PATH}”
export PATH*

这对我很管用。

其他回答

默认不安装Geckodriver。

geckodriver

输出:

Command 'geckodriver' not found, but it can be installed with:

sudo apt install firefox-geckodriver

下面的命令不仅安装它,而且还将它放在可执行PATH中。

sudo apt install firefox-geckodriver

这个问题只需要一步就解决了。我和你有完全一样的错误,我一安装它就消失了。去吧,试一试。

which geckodriver

输出:

/usr/bin/geckodriver

geckodriver

输出:

1337    geckodriver    INFO    Listening on 127.0.0.1:4444
^C

一些额外的输入/澄清:

下面是Windows 7、Python 3.6和Selenium 3.11的分辨率:

dsalaj关于Unix的另一个答案的注释也适用于Windows;可以避免在Windows级别上修补PATH环境变量和重新启动Windows系统。

(1)下载geckdriver(如本线程前面所述),并将(解压)geckdriver.exe放在X:\Folder\of\your\choice

(2) Python代码示例:

import os;
os.environ["PATH"] += os.pathsep + r'X:\Folder\of\your\choice';

from selenium import webdriver;
browser = webdriver.Firefox();
browser.get('http://localhost:8000')
assert 'Django' in browser.title

注:

(1)上述代码打开指定URL的Firefox浏览器可能需要大约10秒的时间。

(2)如果没有服务器在指定的URL上运行,或者没有包含字符串'Django'的页面,Python控制台将显示以下错误:

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Reached error page: about:neterror?e = connectionFailure&u = http % 3 / / localhost % 3 a8000 / Firefox和c = UTF-8&f = regular&d = % 20可以% E2 % 80% 9

实际上,我发现你可以使用最新的geckodriver,而不用把它放在系统路径中。目前我正在使用

https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.12.0/geckodriver-v0.12.0-win64.zip

Firefox 50.1.0

Python 3.5.2

硒3.0.2

Windows 10

我正在运行一个VirtualEnv(我使用PyCharm进行管理,我假设它使用Pip来安装所有内容)。

在下面的代码中,我可以使用executable_path参数为geckodriver使用特定的路径(我通过查看 Lib \网站\ firefox硒\ webdriver \ \ webdriver.py)。注意,我怀疑调用webdriver时参数参数的顺序很重要,这就是为什么executable_path在我的代码中是最后一行(最右边的倒数第二行)。

您可能还注意到,我使用了一个自定义Firefox配置文件来解决sec_error_unknown_issuer问题,如果您正在测试的站点有一个不受信任的证书,您就会遇到这个问题。参见如何使用Selenium禁用Firefox的不受信任连接警告?

经过调查发现,木偶驱动程序是不完整的,仍在进行中,并且没有设置各种功能或配置文件选项来取消或设置证书将会工作。所以使用自定义配置文件更容易。

不管怎样,这里是关于我如何让geckodriver工作而不在路径的代码:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities

firefox_capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
firefox_capabilities['marionette'] = True

#you probably don't need the next 3 lines they don't seem to work anyway
firefox_capabilities['handleAlerts'] = True
firefox_capabilities['acceptSslCerts'] = True
firefox_capabilities['acceptInsecureCerts'] = True

# In the next line I'm using a specific Firefox profile because
# I wanted to get around the sec_error_unknown_issuer problems with the new Firefox and Marionette driver
# I create a Firefox profile where I had already made an exception for the site I'm testing
# see https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/profile-manager-create-and-remove-firefox-profiles#w_starting-the-profile-manager

ffProfilePath = 'D:\Work\PyTestFramework\FirefoxSeleniumProfile'
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(profile_directory=ffProfilePath)
geckoPath = 'D:\Work\PyTestFramework\geckodriver.exe'
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile, capabilities=firefox_capabilities, executable_path=geckoPath)
browser.get('http://stackoverflow.com')
from webdriverdownloader import GeckoDriverDownloader # vs ChromeDriverDownloader vs OperaChromiumDriverDownloader
gdd = GeckoDriverDownloader()
gdd.download_and_install()
#gdd.download_and_install("v0.19.0")

这将为您提供Windows上gekodriver.exe的路径。

from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path=r'C:\\Users\\username\\\bin\\geckodriver.exe')
driver.get('https://www.amazon.com/')

如果要在Windows 10系统下添加驱动程序路径:

右键单击“这台PC”图标,选择“属性” 点击“高级系统设置” 点击屏幕底部的“环境变量” 在“用户变量”部分选中“路径”,然后点击“编辑” 通过点击“New”,输入你要添加的驱动程序的路径,然后按回车键,来添加变量的路径。 输入路径后,点击“确定” 继续点击“确定”,直到关闭所有屏幕