据我所知,在ES7/ES2016中,在代码中放置多个await将类似于用promise链接.then(),这意味着它们将一个接一个地执行,而不是并行执行。例如,我们有以下代码:

await someCall();
await anotherCall();

我是否正确理解只有当someCall()完成时才会调用另一个otherCall()?并行调用它们最优雅的方式是什么?

我想在Node中使用它,所以也许有一个异步库的解决方案?

编辑:我对这个问题中提供的解决方案不满意:由于异步生成器中的非并行等待承诺,所以速度变慢,因为它使用生成器,我问的是一个更通用的用例。


当前回答

await Promise.all([someCall(),anotherCall()]);正如已经提到的那样,它将充当线程围栏(在CUDA这样的并行代码中非常常见),因此它将允许其中的所有承诺在不相互阻止的情况下运行,但将阻止执行继续,直到解决所有问题。

另一种值得分享的方法是Node.js异步,如果任务直接与API调用、I/O操作等有限资源的使用相关联,它还允许您轻松控制通常需要的并发量。

// create a queue object with concurrency 2
var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
  console.log('Hello ' + task.name);
  callback();
}, 2);

// assign a callback
q.drain = function() {
  console.log('All items have been processed');
};

// add some items to the queue
q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
  console.log('Finished processing foo');
});

q.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
  console.log('Finished processing bar');
});

// add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
  console.log('Finished processing item');
});

// add some items to the front of the queue
q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
  console.log('Finished processing bar');
});

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其他回答

没有Promise.all()还有另一种方法可以并行执行:

首先,我们有两个功能来打印数字:

function printNumber1() {
   return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
      console.log("Number1 is done");
      resolve(10);
      },1000);
   });
}

function printNumber2() {
   return new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
      console.log("Number2 is done");
      resolve(20);
      },500);
   });
}

这是顺序的:

async function oneByOne() {
   const number1 = await printNumber1();
   const number2 = await printNumber2();
} 
//Output: Number1 is done, Number2 is done

这是平行的:

async function inParallel() {
   const promise1 = printNumber1();
   const promise2 = printNumber2();
   const number1 = await promise1;
   const number2 = await promise2;
}
//Output: Number2 is done, Number1 is done

我创建了一个助手函数waitAll,也许它可以让它更甜。它目前只在nodejs中工作,在浏览器chrome中不工作。

    //const parallel = async (...items) => {
    const waitAll = async (...items) => {
        //this function does start execution the functions
        //the execution has been started before running this code here
        //instead it collects of the result of execution of the functions

        const temp = [];
        for (const item of items) {
            //this is not
            //temp.push(await item())
            //it does wait for the result in series (not in parallel), but
            //it doesn't affect the parallel execution of those functions
            //because they haven started earlier
            temp.push(await item);
        }
        return temp;
    };

    //the async functions are executed in parallel before passed
    //in the waitAll function

    //const finalResult = await waitAll(someResult(), anotherResult());
    //const finalResult = await parallel(someResult(), anotherResult());
    //or
    const [result1, result2] = await waitAll(someResult(), anotherResult());
    //const [result1, result2] = await parallel(someResult(), anotherResult());

这可以通过Promise.allSettled()实现,它类似于Promise.all(),但没有快速失败行为。

async function Promise1() {
    throw "Failure!";
}

async function Promise2() {
    return "Success!";
}

const [Promise1Result, Promise2Result] = await Promise.allSettled([Promise1(), Promise2()]);

console.log(Promise1Result); // {status: "rejected", reason: "Failure!"}
console.log(Promise2Result); // {status: "fulfilled", value: "Success!"}

注意:这是一个边缘功能,浏览器支持有限,因此我强烈建议为该功能添加polyfill。

await Promise.all([someCall(),anotherCall()]);正如已经提到的那样,它将充当线程围栏(在CUDA这样的并行代码中非常常见),因此它将允许其中的所有承诺在不相互阻止的情况下运行,但将阻止执行继续,直到解决所有问题。

另一种值得分享的方法是Node.js异步,如果任务直接与API调用、I/O操作等有限资源的使用相关联,它还允许您轻松控制通常需要的并发量。

// create a queue object with concurrency 2
var q = async.queue(function(task, callback) {
  console.log('Hello ' + task.name);
  callback();
}, 2);

// assign a callback
q.drain = function() {
  console.log('All items have been processed');
};

// add some items to the queue
q.push({name: 'foo'}, function(err) {
  console.log('Finished processing foo');
});

q.push({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
  console.log('Finished processing bar');
});

// add some items to the queue (batch-wise)
q.push([{name: 'baz'},{name: 'bay'},{name: 'bax'}], function(err) {
  console.log('Finished processing item');
});

// add some items to the front of the queue
q.unshift({name: 'bar'}, function (err) {
  console.log('Finished processing bar');
});

Medium文章自动收录(阅读更多)

TL;博士

对并行函数调用使用Promise.all,当发生错误时,应答行为不正确。


首先,立即执行所有异步调用并获取所有Promise对象。其次,对Promise对象使用await。这样,当您等待第一个Promise来解决其他异步调用时,其他异步调用仍在进行。总的来说,您将只等待最慢的异步调用。例如:

// Begin first call and store promise without waiting
const someResult = someCall();

// Begin second call and store promise without waiting
const anotherResult = anotherCall();

// Now we await for both results, whose async processes have already been started
const finalResult = [await someResult, await anotherResult];

// At this point all calls have been resolved
// Now when accessing someResult| anotherResult,
// you will have a value instead of a promise

JSbin示例:http://jsbin.com/xerifanima/edit?js安慰

注意:只要第一个等待调用发生在所有异步调用之后,那么等待调用是在同一条线上还是在不同的线上并不重要。见JohnnyHK的评论。


更新:根据@bergi的回答,这个答案在错误处理中的时间不同,它不会在错误发生时抛出错误,而是在所有承诺都执行后抛出错误。我将结果与@jonny的提示进行比较:[result1,result2]=Promise.all([async1(),async2()]),检查以下代码片段

常量correctAsync500ms=()=>{return new Promise(解析=>{setTimeout(resolve,500,'correct500msResult');});};常量correctAsync100ms=()=>{return new Promise(解析=>{setTimeout(resolve,100,'correct100msResult');});};常量拒绝同步100ms=()=>{return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{setTimeout(拒绝,100,'拒绝100毫秒错误');});};const asyncInArray=异步(fun1,fun2)=>{const label='测试数组中的异步函数';尝试{console.time(标签);常量p1=fun1();常量p2=fun2();const result=[await p1,wait p2];console.timeEnd(标签);}捕获(e){console.error('错误为',e);console.timeEnd(标签);}};常量asyncInPromiseAll=async(fun1,fun2)=>{const label='使用Promise.all测试异步函数';尝试{console.time(标签);let[value1,value2]=等待Promise。all([fun1(),fun2()]);console.timeEnd(标签);}捕获(e){console.error('错误为',e);console.timeEnd(标签);}};(异步()=>{console.group('无错误的同步功能');console.log('无错误的同步函数:启动')等待异步InArray(correctAsync500ms,correctAsync 100ms);等待异步InPromiseAll(correctAsync500ms,correctAsync 100ms);console.groupEnd();console.group('带错误的同步功能');console.log('带有错误的同步函数:start')等待异步InArray(correctAsync500ms,rejectAsync100ms);等待异步InPromiseAll(correctAsync500ms,rejectAsync100ms);console.groupEnd();})();