在Python中是否有goto或任何等价的东西能够跳转到特定的代码行?


当前回答

我在找一些类似的东西

for a in xrange(1,10):
A_LOOP
    for b in xrange(1,5):
        for c in xrange(1,5):
            for d in xrange(1,5):
                # do some stuff
                if(condition(e)):
                    goto B_LOOP;

所以我的方法是使用一个布尔值来帮助打破嵌套的for循环:

for a in xrange(1,10):
    get_out = False
    for b in xrange(1,5):
        if(get_out): break
        for c in xrange(1,5):
            if(get_out): break
            for d in xrange(1,5):
                # do some stuff
                if(condition(e)):
                    get_out = True
                    break

其他回答

早在2007年,PEP 3136就提出了中断和继续的标签,但被拒绝了。提案的动机部分说明了在Python中模仿带标签的break的几种常见方法(虽然不太优雅)。

通过一些工作,在python中添加类似“goto”的语句在技术上是可行的。我们将使用"dis"和"new"模块,这两个模块对于扫描和修改python字节代码都非常有用。

实现背后的主要思想是首先将代码块标记为使用“goto”和“label”语句。一个特殊的“@goto”装饰器将用于标记“goto”函数。然后,我们扫描这两个语句的代码,并对底层字节代码应用必要的修改。这一切都发生在源代码编译时。

import dis, new

def goto(fn):
    """
    A function decorator to add the goto command for a function.

        Specify labels like so:
        label .foo

        Goto labels like so:
        goto .foo

        Note: you can write a goto statement before the correspnding label statement
    """
    labels = {}
    gotos = {}
    globalName = None
    index = 0
    end = len(fn.func_code.co_code)
    i = 0

    # scan through the byte codes to find the labels and gotos
    while i < end:
        op = ord(fn.func_code.co_code[i])
        i += 1
        name = dis.opname[op]

        if op > dis.HAVE_ARGUMENT:
            b1 = ord(fn.func_code.co_code[i])
            b2 = ord(fn.func_code.co_code[i+1])
            num = b2 * 256 + b1

            if name == 'LOAD_GLOBAL':
                globalName = fn.func_code.co_names[num]
                index = i - 1
                i += 2
                continue

            if name == 'LOAD_ATTR':
                if globalName == 'label':
                    labels[fn.func_code.co_names[num]] = index
                elif globalName == 'goto':
                    gotos[fn.func_code.co_names[num]] = index

            name = None
            i += 2

    # no-op the labels
    ilist = list(fn.func_code.co_code)
    for label,index in labels.items():
        ilist[index:index+7] = [chr(dis.opmap['NOP'])]*7

    # change gotos to jumps
    for label,index in gotos.items():
        if label not in labels:
            raise Exception("Missing label: %s"%label)

        target = labels[label] + 7   # skip NOPs
        ilist[index] = chr(dis.opmap['JUMP_ABSOLUTE'])
        ilist[index + 1] = chr(target & 255)
        ilist[index + 2] = chr(target >> 8)

    # create new function from existing function
    c = fn.func_code
    newcode = new.code(c.co_argcount,
                       c.co_nlocals,
                       c.co_stacksize,
                       c.co_flags,
                       ''.join(ilist),
                       c.co_consts,
                       c.co_names,
                       c.co_varnames,
                       c.co_filename,
                       c.co_name,
                       c.co_firstlineno,
                       c.co_lnotab)
    newfn = new.function(newcode,fn.func_globals)
    return newfn


if __name__ == '__main__':

    @goto
    def test1():
        print 'Hello' 

        goto .the_end
        print 'world'

        label .the_end
        print 'the end'

    test1()

希望这回答了问题。

虽然在Python中没有任何等同于goto/label的代码,但您仍然可以使用循环来获得goto/label的这种功能。

让我们以下面所示的代码示例为例,其中goto/label可以在python以外的任意语言中使用。

String str1 = 'BACK'

label1:
    print('Hello, this program contains goto code\n')
    print('Now type BACK if you want the program to go back to the above line of code. Or press the ENTER key if you want the program to continue with further lines of code')
    str1 = input()

if str1 == 'BACK'
    {
        GoTo label1
    }
print('Program will continue\nBla bla bla...\nBla bla bla...\nBla bla bla...')

现在,通过使用下面所示的while循环,可以在python中实现上述代码示例的相同功能。

str1 = 'BACK'

while str1 == 'BACK':
        print('Hello, this is a python program containing python equivalent code for goto code\n')
        print('Now type BACK if you want the program to go back to the above line of code. Or press the ENTER key if you want the program to continue with further lines of code')
        str1 = input()
print('Program will continue\nBla bla bla...\nBla bla bla...\nBla bla bla...')

现在有了。转到

我想这可能对你要找的东西有用。

我用函数解决了这个问题。我唯一做的就是改变函数的标签。下面是一个非常基本的代码:

def goto_holiday(): #label: holiday
        print("I went to holiday :)")
    
def goto_work(): #label: work
    print("I went to work")
salary=5000
if salary>6000:
    goto_holiday()
else:
    goto_work()