我正在尝试从cron运行Django管理命令。我使用virtualenv保持我的项目沙盒。
我在这里和其他地方看到了从virtualenv中运行管理命令的示例，例如:
0 3 * * * source /home/user/project/env/bin/activate && /home/user/project/manage.py command arg
然而，尽管syslog显示了任务应该在何时启动的条目，但该任务从未实际运行(脚本的日志文件为空)。如果我从shell中手动运行这一行，它将按预期工作。
我目前可以通过cron运行命令的唯一方法是将命令分解并将它们放在一个哑bash包装脚本中:
#!/bin/sh
source /home/user/project/env/bin/activate
cd /home/user/project/
./manage.py command arg
编辑:
Ars提出了一个命令的工作组合:
0 3 * * * cd /home/user/project && /home/user/project/env/bin/python /home/user/project/manage.py command arg
至少在我的例子中，调用virtualenv的激活脚本没有任何作用。这招管用，所以节目继续。
我已经在我的Django项目中添加了下面的脚本manage.sh，它获取了virtualenv，然后运行manage.py脚本，不管你传递给它什么参数。它使得在virtualenv (cron, systemd单元，基本上任何地方)中运行命令变得非常容易:
#! /bin/bash
# this is a convenience script that first sources the venv (assumed to be in
# ../venv) and then executes manage.py with whatever arguments you supply the
# script with. this is useful if you need to execute the manage.py from
# somewhere where the venv isn't sourced (e.g. system scripts)
# get the script's location
DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
# source venv <- UPDATE THE PATH HERE WITH YOUR VENV's PATH
source $DIR/../venv/bin/activate
# run manage.py script
$DIR/manage.py "$@"
然后在你的cron条目中运行:
0 3 * * * /home/user/project/manage.sh command arg
只需记住，您需要使manage.sh脚本可执行
我也遇到过同样的问题，并花了很多时间去解决它。
这里没有一个解决方案对我有帮助，所以我分享了对我有用的方法:
在项目目录中打开一个新文件“pick_name.sh”。
在"pick_name.sh"文件中，写入并保存以下代码行:
#!/bin/bash
source /YOUR_VIRTUAL_ENV_PATH/bin/activate
export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/PATH_TO_CUSTOM_MODULE_YOU_CREATED**OPTIONAL**"
export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/PATH_TO_ANOTHER_CUSTOM_MODULE_YOU_CREATED**OPTIONAL**"
cd /PATH_TO_DIR_STORING_FILE_NAME.PY
python file_name.py
转到/var/spool/cron/crontabs(或到您的cron管理文件所在的位置)并打开“根”文件。
将这些行添加到crontab文件夹中的根文件中:
# m h dom mon dow command
* * * * * /PATH_TO_DIR_WHERE_PICK_NAME.SH_SITS/pick_name.sh >> /YOUR_PROJECT_DIR/cron_output.txt 2>&1
注:
This command (section 4.) will run the "pick_name.sh" file.
In this example it runs every minute, so make sure you change it according to your needs.
It writes all logs to a log file called "cron_ouput".
No need to create the file before, it will be created automatically.
Make sure to replace all paths (I wrote them in capital letters) to your paths.
You can change file names, if so, make sure to change it in all appearances in my instructions to avoid errors.
If you want to add another py file to run by cron, you need to add it to the "pick_nam.sh" file* not to the cron. Simply duplicate section 2. lines in the "pick_nam.sh" but without the "#!/bin/bash" part.
Then, every time the cron will run "pick_name.sh" it will run all the files you specified inside of it.
Make sure to restart cron after changes, it could have saved me a lot of debugging time, use this command:
systemctl restart cron
我想添加这一点，因为我花了一些时间解决这个问题，并没有在这里找到一个答案，在cron和virtualenv中使用变量的组合。也许能帮到别人。
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DIR_SMTH="cd /smth"
VENV=". venv/bin/activate"
CMD="some_python_bin do_something"
# m h dom mon dow command
0 * * * * $DIR_SMTH && $VENV && $CMD -k2 some_target >> /tmp/crontest.log 2>&1
当它被配置成
生下来的微片venv / bin / sh activate。”
感谢@davidwinterbottom， @reed-sandberg和@mkb给出了正确的方向。接受的答案实际上工作得很好，直到你的python需要运行一个脚本，必须从venv/bin目录运行另一个python二进制文件。
从cronfile运行source将不起作用，因为cron使用/bin/sh作为它的默认shell，它不支持source。您需要设置SHELL环境变量为/bin/bash:
SHELL=/bin/bash
*/10 * * * * root source /path/to/virtualenv/bin/activate && /path/to/build/manage.py some_command > /dev/null
很难发现为什么会失败，因为/var/log/syslog没有记录错误细节。最好将自己别名为root，这样你就会收到带有任何cron错误的电子邮件。只需将自己添加到/etc/aliases并运行sendmail -bi。
更多信息:
http://codeinthehole.com/archives/43-Running-django-cronjobs-within-a-virtualenv.html
上面的链接更改为:
https://codeinthehole.com/tips/running-django-cronjobs-within-a-virtualenv/
