在Python中检查以上所有的解决方案:

import os

def in_container():
    proc_1 = r'/proc/1/sched'

    if os.path.exists(proc_1):
        with open(proc_1, 'r') as fp:
            out = fp.read()
    else:
        out = ''

    checks = [
        'docker' in out,
        '/lxc/' in out,
        out.split(' ')[0] not in ('systemd', 'init',),
        os.path.exists('./dockerenv'),
        os.path.exists('/.dockerinit'),
        os.getenv('container') is not None
    ]
    return any(checks)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(in_container())

概念证明:

$ docker run --rm -it --mount type=bind,source=${PWD}/incontainer.py,target=/tmp/script.py python:3 python /tmp/script.py
True

这是一个老问题，但确实是个好问题。：）

我写了一些自动化脚本，我们在baremetal, VM和docker容器上运行，基于脚本执行的平台进行逻辑分支。在我的情况下，我有创建容器和docker镜像的特权，所以这个解决方案只在你控制整个堆栈时才会起作用:

Dockerfile片段:

FROM ubuntu:18.04

ENV PLATFORM="docker"

RUN apt update; \
...

然后，脚本可以在每个平台上检查$PLATFORM的值，以获得所需的结果:

#!/bin/bash

# Check for executor specification in environment
case $PLATFORM in
  docker)
    # If running in Docker, do this stuff
    echo "Running containerized, proceeding..."
    ;;
  virtual)
    # If running in a VM, do different stuff
    echo "Running on a VM, loading VM stuff..."
    modprobe some-kernel-module
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Unknown executor specified! Exiting..."
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

为了保持简洁，我在上面的代码中省略了裸金属。

方便的Python函数检查是否运行在Docker:

def in_docker():
    """ Returns: True if running in a Docker container, else False """
    with open('/proc/1/cgroup', 'rt') as ifh:
        return 'docker' in ifh.read()

最简单的方法是检查环境。如果你有container=lxc变量，你就在一个容器中。

否则，如果您是根用户，您可以尝试执行mknod或mount操作，如果失败，则很可能处于已删除功能的容器中。

golang代码得到pid container_id，你可以得到map container_id get docker image

func GetContainerID(pid int32) string {
    cgroupPath := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/%s/cgroup", strconv.Itoa(int(pid)))
    return getContainerID(cgroupPath)
}

func GetImage(containerId string) string {
    if containerId == "" {
        return ""
    }
    image, ok := containerImage[containerId]
    if ok {
        return image
    } else {
        return ""
    }
}
func getContainerID(cgroupPath string) string {
    containerID := ""
    content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(cgroupPath)
    if err != nil {
        return containerID
    }
    lines := strings.Split(string(content), "\n")
    for _, line := range lines {
        field := strings.Split(line, ":")
        if len(field) < 3 {
            continue
        }
        cgroup_path := field[2]
        if len(cgroup_path) < 64 {
            continue
        }
        // Non-systemd Docker
        //5:net_prio,net_cls:/docker/de630f22746b9c06c412858f26ca286c6cdfed086d3b302998aa403d9dcedc42
        //3:net_cls:/kubepods/burstable/pod5f399c1a-f9fc-11e8-bf65-246e9659ebfc/9170559b8aadd07d99978d9460cf8d1c71552f3c64fefc7e9906ab3fb7e18f69
        pos := strings.LastIndex(cgroup_path, "/")
        if pos > 0 {
            id_len := len(cgroup_path) - pos - 1
            if id_len == 64 {
                //p.InDocker = true
                // docker id
                containerID = cgroup_path[pos+1 : pos+1+64]
                // logs.Debug("pid:%v in docker id:%v", pid, id)
                return containerID
            }
        }
        // systemd Docker
        //5:net_cls:/system.slice/docker-afd862d2ed48ef5dc0ce8f1863e4475894e331098c9a512789233ca9ca06fc62.scope
        docker_str := "docker-"
        pos = strings.Index(cgroup_path, docker_str)
        if pos > 0 {
            pos_scope := strings.Index(cgroup_path, ".scope")
            id_len := pos_scope - pos - len(docker_str)
            if pos_scope > 0 && id_len == 64 {
                containerID = cgroup_path[pos+len(docker_str) : pos+len(docker_str)+64]
                return containerID
            }
        }
    }
    return containerID
}

我已经将JJC的答案翻译成ruby

def in_docker
  File.open('/proc/1/cgroup', 'rt') do |f|
    contents = f.read
    return contents =~ /docker/i || contents =~ /kubepod/i
  end
rescue StandardError => e
  p 'Local development'
  p e
  false
end