我是这样做的：

# Ignore everything
*

# Whitelist anything that's a directory
!*/

# Whitelist some files
!.gitignore

# Whitelist this folder and everything inside of it
!wordpress/wp-content/themes/my-theme/**

# Ignore this folder inside that folder
wordpress/wp-content/themes/my-theme/node_modules

# Ignore this file recursively
**/.DS_Store

使用gig status-u递归查看未跟踪目录中的单个文件-使用git status，您只能看到文件夹，这可能会让您误以为其中的所有内容都被跟踪

要从.gitignore中排除文件夹，可以执行以下操作。

!app/

app/*
!app/bower_components/

app/bower_components/*
!app/bower_components/highcharts/

这将忽略bower_components中的所有文件/子文件夹，/hightcharts除外。

# ignore these
*
# except foo
!foo

我的子文件夹有问题。

不工作：

/custom/*
!/custom/config/foo.yml.dist

作品：

/custom/config/*
!/custom/config/foo.yml.dist

这是一场灾难，在使用git 16年（2005年）之后，没有一种简单而明显的方法来排除位于目录层次结构深处的一个文件，否则应该忽略它。相反，我们需要采取疯狂的做法，比如反复挖掘结构，并以正确的顺序排除和包含目录。一年中你需要记住4次，这是不可能的。

唯一聪明但非常奇怪的选择是使用git add--force。当你不单独处理gitted回购协议时，某些事情注定会失败。

所以我编写了一个小bash函数来修复这个问题，以便于复制粘贴。让我先解释一下一行：

f=0; y='';for x in $(echo "uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/a.py" | tr '\/' '\n'); do y="$y/$x"; if [ $(($f)) -eq 0 ]; then y="$x"; f=1; fi; echo -e '!'"$y/\n$y/*"; done | sed '$d' |sed -z 's/..$//'; echo;

# output:
!uploads/
uploads/*
!uploads/rubbish/
uploads/rubbish/*
!uploads/rubbish/stuff/
uploads/rubbish/stuff/*
!uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/
uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/*
!uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/a.py

描述

有一个if语句用于调整第一个未获得/的项目。tr'\/''\n'-在标准POSIX路径中\n转换/to（以获取列表）y=“$y/$x”-在上一个目录之后添加下一个子目录（在列表中）。echo-e'！'“$y/\n$y/*”-打印2行子目录项，第一行用！前缀，第二个带/*后缀。sed“$d”-删除最后一行sed-z的/..$//'-从最后一行删除最后2个字符/*

然后我们创建函数：

function gitkeep () { f=0; y='';for x in $(echo "$1" | tr '\/' '\n'); do y="$y/$x"; if [[ f -eq 0 ]]; then y="$x"; f=1; fi; echo -e '!'"$y/\n$y/*"; done | sed '$d' |sed -z 's/..$//'; echo; }

# gitkeep "uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/a"

!uploads/
uploads/*
!uploads/rubbish/
uploads/rubbish/*
!uploads/rubbish/stuff/
uploads/rubbish/stuff/*
!uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/
uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/*
!uploads/rubbish/stuff/KEEP_ME/a

这里，我将算术if语句简化为if[[f-eq 0]]；。

享受

让我们工具化！

正如@Joakim所说，要忽略文件，可以使用下面的方法。

# Ignore everything
*

# But not these files...
!.gitignore
!someFile.txt

但是如果文件位于嵌套目录中，那么编写这些规则有点困难。

例如，如果我们希望跳过所有文件，但不跳过位于aDir/aotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir中的.txt文件。那么，我们的.gitignore将是这样的

# Skip all files
*

# But not `aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/a.txt`
!aDir/
aDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/
aDir/anotherDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/a.txt

这很难用手写。

为了解决这个问题，我创建了一个名为git do not ignore的web应用程序，它将为您生成规则。

Tool

https://theapache64.github.io/git-do-not-ignore/

Demo

样本输入

aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/a.txt

样本输出

!aDir/
aDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/
aDir/anotherDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/
aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/*
!aDir/anotherDir/someOtherDir/aDir/bDir/cDir/a.txt