如果你确定session.getAttribute()返回的类型是HashMap，那么你不能精确地将其类型转换为该类型，而只能依赖于检查泛型HashMap

HashMap<?,?> getItems(javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session) {  
    HashMap<?,?> theHash = (HashMap<?,?>)session.getAttribute("attributeKey");
    return theHash;
} 

Eclipse会突然出现警告，但是这当然会导致难以调试的运行时错误。我不只在关键操作上下文中使用这种方法。

如果我不得不使用一个不支持泛型的API ..我尝试用尽可能少的行将这些调用隔离在包装器例程中。然后我使用SuppressWarnings注释并同时添加类型安全类型强制转换。

这只是个人的喜好，想让事情尽可能的整洁。

的对象。Esko Luontola上面回答的未检查的实用函数是避免程序混乱的好方法。

如果您不希望在整个方法上使用SuppressWarnings, Java会强制您将其放在本地方法上。如果你需要对一个成员进行强制转换，可能会导致这样的代码:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Vector<String> watchedSymbolsClone = (Vector<String>) watchedSymbols.clone();
this.watchedSymbols = watchedSymbolsClone;

使用这个实用程序要干净得多，而且你所做的事情仍然很明显:

this.watchedSymbols = Objects.uncheckedCast(watchedSymbols.clone());

注意: 我觉得有必要补充一下，有时候警告真的意味着你做错了什么，比如:

ArrayList<Integer> intList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
intList.add(1);
Object intListObject = intList; 

 // this line gives an unchecked warning - but no runtime error
ArrayList<String> stringList  = (ArrayList<String>) intListObject;
System.out.println(stringList.get(0)); // cast exception will be given here

编译器告诉您的是，在运行时不会检查此强制转换，因此在尝试访问泛型容器中的数据之前不会引发运行时错误。

在这种特殊情况下，我不会将Maps直接存储到HttpSession中，而是将我自己的类的实例存储到HttpSession中，而该类的实例又包含一个Map(类的实现细节)。然后可以确定映射中的元素是正确的类型。

但是如果你想检查Map的内容类型是否正确，你可以使用这样的代码:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
    map.put("a", 1);
    map.put("b", 2);
    Object obj = map;

    Map<String, Integer> ok = safeCastMap(obj, String.class, Integer.class);
    Map<String, String> error = safeCastMap(obj, String.class, String.class);
}

@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
public static <K, V> Map<K, V> safeCastMap(Object map, Class<K> keyType, Class<V> valueType) {
    checkMap(map);
    checkMapContents(keyType, valueType, (Map<?, ?>) map);
    return (Map<K, V>) map;
}

private static void checkMap(Object map) {
    checkType(Map.class, map);
}

private static <K, V> void checkMapContents(Class<K> keyType, Class<V> valueType, Map<?, ?> map) {
    for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : map.entrySet()) {
        checkType(keyType, entry.getKey());
        checkType(valueType, entry.getValue());
    }
}

private static <K> void checkType(Class<K> expectedType, Object obj) {
    if (!expectedType.isInstance(obj)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected " + expectedType + " but was " + obj.getClass() + ": " + obj);
    }
}

Two ways, one which avoids the tag completely, the other using a naughty but nice utility method. The problem is pre-genericised Collections... I believe the rule of thumb is: "cast objects one thing at a time" - what this means when trying to use raw classes in a genericised world is that because you don't know what is in this Map<?, ?> (and indeed the JVM might even find that it isn't even a Map!), it obvious when you think about it that you can't cast it. If you had a Map<String, ?> map2 then HashSet<String> keys = (HashSet<String>)map2.keySet() does not give you a warning, despite this being an "act of faith" for the compiler (because it might turn out to be a TreeSet)... but it is only a single act of faith. PS to the objection that iterating as in my first way "is boring" and "takes time", the answer is "no pain no gain": a genericised collection is guaranteed to contain Map.Entry<String, String>s, and nothing else. You have to pay for this guarantee. When using generics systematically this payment, beautifully, takes the form of coding compliance, not machine time! One school of thought might say that you should set Eclipse's settings to make such unchecked casts errors, rather than warnings. In that case you would have to use my first way.

package scratchpad;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Vector;

public class YellowMouse {

    // First way

    Map<String, String> getHashMapStudiouslyAvoidingSuppressTag(HttpSession session) {
      Map<?, ?> theHash = (Map<?, ?>)session.getAttribute("attributeKey");

      Map<String, String> yellowMouse = new HashMap<String, String>();
      for( Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : theHash.entrySet() ){
        yellowMouse.put( (String)entry.getKey(), (String)entry.getValue() );
      }

      return yellowMouse;
    }


    // Second way

    Map<String, String> getHashMapUsingNaughtyButNiceUtilityMethod(HttpSession session) {
      return uncheckedCast( session.getAttribute("attributeKey") );
    }


    // NB this is a utility method which should be kept in your utility library. If you do that it will
    // be the *only* time in your entire life that you will have to use this particular tag!!

    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked" })
    public static synchronized <T> T uncheckedCast(Object obj) {
        return (T) obj;
    }


}

您可以创建如下所示的实用程序类，并使用它来抑制未检查的警告。

public class Objects {

    /**
     * Helps to avoid using {@code @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})} when casting to a generic type.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
    public static <T> T uncheckedCast(Object obj) {
        return (T) obj;
    }
}

你可以这样使用它:

import static Objects.uncheckedCast;
...

HashMap<String, String> getItems(javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session) {
      return uncheckedCast(session.getAttribute("attributeKey"));
}

这里有更多关于这个问题的讨论: http://cleveralias.blogs.com/thought_spearmints/2006/01/suppresswarning.html