我已经创建了一个小的应用程序，一步一步的描述，以获得当前位置的GPS坐标。

完整的示例源代码是在获取当前位置坐标，城市名称-在Android。

看看它是如何工作的:

All we need to do is add this permission in the manifest file: <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> And create a LocationManager instance like this: LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); Check if GPS is enabled or not. And then implement LocationListener and get coordinates: LocationListener locationListener = new MyLocationListener(); locationManager.requestLocationUpdates( LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 5000, 10, locationListener); Here is the sample code to do so

/*---------- Listener class to get coordinates ------------- */
private class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener {

    @Override
    public void onLocationChanged(Location loc) {
        editLocation.setText("");
        pb.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        Toast.makeText(
                getBaseContext(),
                "Location changed: Lat: " + loc.getLatitude() + " Lng: "
                    + loc.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        String longitude = "Longitude: " + loc.getLongitude();
        Log.v(TAG, longitude);
        String latitude = "Latitude: " + loc.getLatitude();
        Log.v(TAG, latitude);

        /*------- To get city name from coordinates -------- */
        String cityName = null;
        Geocoder gcd = new Geocoder(getBaseContext(), Locale.getDefault());
        List<Address> addresses;
        try {
            addresses = gcd.getFromLocation(loc.getLatitude(),
                    loc.getLongitude(), 1);
            if (addresses.size() > 0) {
                System.out.println(addresses.get(0).getLocality());
                cityName = addresses.get(0).getLocality();
            }
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        String s = longitude + "\n" + latitude + "\n\nMy Current City is: "
            + cityName;
        editLocation.setText(s);
    }

    @Override
    public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {}

    @Override
    public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {}

    @Override
    public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {}
}

我已经发布了一个小的库，可以很容易地在Android中获取位置数据，它甚至照顾到Android M运行时权限。

您可以在这里查看它:https://github.com/julioromano/RxLocation并使用它或其源代码作为实现的示例。

简单的找到写代码在位置方法

public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
    if (mCurrLocationMarker != null) {
        mCurrLocationMarker.remove();
    }


    //Place current location marker
    LatLng latLng = new LatLng(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
    MarkerOptions markerOptions = new MarkerOptions();
    markerOptions.position(latLng);
    markerOptions.title("Current Position");
    markerOptions.icon(BitmapDescriptorFactory.defaultMarker(BitmapDescriptorFactory.HUE_RED));
    mCurrLocationMarker = mMap.addMarker(markerOptions);

    //move map camera
    mMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLng(latLng));
    mMap.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.zoomTo(18));

    PolylineOptions pOptions = new PolylineOptions()
            .width(5)
            .color(Color.GREEN)
            .geodesic(true);
    for (int z = 0; z < routePoints.size(); z++) {
        LatLng point = routePoints.get(z);
        pOptions.add(point);
    }
    line = mMap.addPolyline(pOptions);
    routePoints.add(latLng);
}

通过-获取gps位置

LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() 
{

            @Override
            public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }

            @Override
            public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }

            @Override
            public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            }

            @Override
            public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                double latitude = location.getLatitude();
                double longitude = location.getLongitude();
                double speed = location.getSpeed(); //spedd in meter/minute
                speed = (speed*3600)/1000;      // speed in km/minute               Toast.makeText(GraphViews.this, "Current speed:" + location.getSpeed(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        };

        locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, locationListener);

}

既然谷歌Play位置服务已经推出，我建议开发者开始使用新的融合位置提供商。你会发现它更容易使用和更准确。请观看谷歌I/O视频《超越蓝点:Android位置的新功能》，由两位创建了新的谷歌Play位置服务API的人制作。

I've been working with location APIs on a number of mobile platforms, and I think what these two guys have done is really revolutionary. It's gotten rid of a huge amount of the complexities of using the various providers. Stack Overflow is littered with questions about which provider to use, whether to use last known location, how to set other properties on the LocationManager, etc. This new API that they have built removes most of those uncertainties and makes the location services a pleasure to use.

I've written an Android app that periodically gets the location using Google Play location services and sends the location to a web server where it is stored in a database and can be viewed on Google Maps. I've written both the client software (for Android, iOS, Windows Phone and Java ME) and the server software (for ASP.NET and SQL Server or PHP and MySQL). The software is written in the native language on each platform and works properly in the background on each. Lastly, the software has the MIT License. You can find the Android client here:

https://github.com/nickfox/GpsTracker/tree/master/phoneClients/android

自2020年9月23日起，play-services-location版本17.1.0包含了FusedLocationProviderClient.getCurrentLocation()方法，这是获得当前位置的推荐和直接的方法:

返回设备上的单个当前位置固定。与返回缓存位置的getLastLocation()不同，此方法可能导致设备上的活动位置计算。如果能在合理的时间内(几十秒)确定设备位置，将返回一个新的位置，否则将返回null。

关于详细的例子，看看codingjeremy的回答和GitHub上的官方Android位置示例- Current location (Kotlin)。