每个人都有一个非常漂亮和冗长的答案，我真的很感激。我只是想给那些在概念上还不太清楚的人一个简短的回答:

If you create your own iterator, it is a little bit involved - you have to create a class and at least implement the iter and the next methods. But what if you don't want to go through this hassle and want to quickly create an iterator. Fortunately, Python provides a short-cut way to defining an iterator. All you need to do is define a function with at least 1 call to yield and now when you call that function it will return "something" which will act like an iterator (you can call next method and use it in a for loop). This something has a name in Python called Generator

希望这能澄清一点。

无代码4行小抄:

A generator function is a function with yield in it.

A generator expression is like a list comprehension. It uses "()" vs "[]"

A generator object (often called 'a generator') is returned by both above.

A generator is also a subtype of iterator.

强烈推荐Ned Batchelder的迭代器和生成器示例

一个没有生成器的方法，它对偶数进行处理

def evens(stream):
   them = []
   for n in stream:
      if n % 2 == 0:
         them.append(n)
   return them

而通过使用发电机

def evens(stream):
    for n in stream:
        if n % 2 == 0:
            yield n

我们不需要任何列表或返回语句 有效的大/无限长的流…它只是走动并产生值

调用evens方法(生成器)和往常一样

num = [...]
for n in evens(num):
   do_smth(n)

发电机也用于打破双环

迭代器

满页的书是可迭代对象，书签是可迭代对象 迭代器

而这个书签除了下一步移动什么也做不了

litr = iter([1,2,3])
next(litr) ## 1
next(litr) ## 2
next(litr) ## 3
next(litr) ## StopIteration  (Exception) as we got end of the iterator

使用生成器…我们需要一个函数

使用迭代器…我们需要next和iter

如前所述:

Generator函数返回一个迭代器对象

Iterator的全部好处:

每次在内存中存储一个元素

所有生成器都是迭代器，反之亦然。

from typing import Iterator
from typing import Iterable
from typing import Generator

class IT:

    def __init__(self):
        self.n = 0

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.n == 4:
            raise StopIteration
        try:
            return self.n
        finally:
            self.n += 1


def g():
    for i in range(4):
        yield i

def test(it):
    print(f'type(it) = {type(it)}')
    print(f'isinstance(it, Generator) = {isinstance(it, Generator)}')
    print(f'isinstance(it, Iterator) = {isinstance(it, Iterator)}')
    print(f'isinstance(it, Iterable) = {isinstance(it, Iterable)}')
    print(next(it))
    print(next(it))
    print(next(it))
    print(next(it))
    try:
        print(next(it))
    except StopIteration:
        print('boom\n')


print(f'issubclass(Generator, Iterator) = {issubclass(Generator, Iterator)}')
print(f'issubclass(Iterator, Iterable) = {issubclass(Iterator, Iterable)}')
print()
test(IT())
test(g())

输出:

issubclass(Generator, Iterator) = True
issubclass(Iterator, Iterable) = True

type(it) = <class '__main__.IT'>
isinstance(it, Generator) = False
isinstance(it, Iterator) = True
isinstance(it, Iterable) = True
0
1
2
3
boom

type(it) = <class 'generator'>
isinstance(it, Generator) = True
isinstance(it, Iterator) = True
isinstance(it, Iterable) = True
0
1
2
3
boom

迭代器是使用next()方法获取序列的以下值的对象。

生成器是使用yield关键字生成或生成值序列的函数。

由生成器函数(下面的ex: foo())返回的生成器对象(下面的ex: f)上的每个next()方法调用，都会生成序列中的下一个值。

当调用生成器函数时，它返回一个生成器对象，甚至不需要开始执行该函数。当第一次调用next()方法时，函数开始执行，直到到达yield语句，该语句返回yield值。收益率会跟踪发生了什么，也就是说，它会记住最后一次执行。其次，next()调用从前一个值开始。

下面的示例演示生成器对象上yield和对next方法的调用之间的相互作用。

>>> def foo():
...     print("begin")
...     for i in range(3):
...         print("before yield", i)
...         yield i
...         print("after yield", i)
...     print("end")
...
>>> f = foo()
>>> next(f)
begin
before yield 0            # Control is in for loop
0
>>> next(f)
after yield 0             
before yield 1            # Continue for loop
1
>>> next(f)
after yield 1
before yield 2
2
>>> next(f)
after yield 2
end
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

对于相同的数据，你可以比较两种方法:

def myGeneratorList(n):
    for i in range(n):
        yield i

def myIterableList(n):
    ll = n*[None]
    for i in range(n):
        ll[i] = i
    return ll

# Same values
ll1 = myGeneratorList(10)
ll2 = myIterableList(10)
for i1, i2 in zip(ll1, ll2):
    print("{} {}".format(i1, i2))

# Generator can only be read once
ll1 = myGeneratorList(10)
ll2 = myIterableList(10)

print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))
print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))

# Generator can be read several times if converted into iterable
ll1 = list(myGeneratorList(10))
ll2 = myIterableList(10)

print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))
print("{} {}".format(len(list(ll1)), len(ll2)))

此外，如果检查内存占用，生成器占用的内存要少得多，因为它不需要同时将所有值存储在内存中。