每个人都有一个非常漂亮和冗长的答案，我真的很感激。我只是想给那些在概念上还不太清楚的人一个简短的回答:

If you create your own iterator, it is a little bit involved - you have to create a class and at least implement the iter and the next methods. But what if you don't want to go through this hassle and want to quickly create an iterator. Fortunately, Python provides a short-cut way to defining an iterator. All you need to do is define a function with at least 1 call to yield and now when you call that function it will return "something" which will act like an iterator (you can call next method and use it in a for loop). This something has a name in Python called Generator

希望这能澄清一点。

之前的回答忽略了这一点:生成器有close方法，而典型的迭代器没有。close方法在生成器中触发StopIteration异常，该异常可能在迭代器中的finally子句中被捕获，以获得运行一些清理的机会。这种抽象使得它在大型迭代器中比简单迭代器更有用。可以像关闭文件一样关闭生成器，而不必担心下面有什么。

也就是说，我个人对第一个问题的回答是:iteratable只有__iter__方法，典型的迭代器只有__next__方法，生成器既有__iter__又有__next__，还有一个附加的close。

For the second question, my personal answer would be: in a public interface, I tend to favor generators a lot, since it’s more resilient: the close method an a greater composability with yield from. Locally, I may use iterators, but only if it’s a flat and simple structure (iterators does not compose easily) and if there are reasons to believe the sequence is rather short especially if it may be stopped before it reach the end. I tend to look at iterators as a low level primitive, except as literals.

对于控制流而言，生成器是一个与承诺同样重要的概念:两者都是抽象的和可组合的。

iterator是一个更通用的概念:任何具有__next__方法(Python 2中的next)和__iter__方法且返回self的对象。

每个生成器都是迭代器，反之亦然。生成器是通过调用具有一个或多个yield表达式(yield语句，在Python 2.5及更早版本中)的函数来构建的，它是一个满足上一段对迭代器定义的对象。

当你需要一个具有复杂状态维护行为的类，或者想公开__next__(以及__iter__和__init__)之外的其他方法时，你可能想使用自定义迭代器，而不是生成器。大多数情况下，一个生成器(有时，对于足够简单的需求，一个生成器表达式)就足够了，而且编码更简单，因为状态维护(在合理的范围内)基本上是由框架挂起和恢复“为您完成”的。

例如，一个生成器，如:

def squares(start, stop):
    for i in range(start, stop):
        yield i * i

generator = squares(a, b)

或等效的生成器表达式(genexp)

generator = (i*i for i in range(a, b))

将需要更多的代码来构建自定义迭代器:

class Squares(object):
    def __init__(self, start, stop):
       self.start = start
       self.stop = stop
    def __iter__(self): return self
    def __next__(self): # next in Python 2
       if self.start >= self.stop:
           raise StopIteration
       current = self.start * self.start
       self.start += 1
       return current

iterator = Squares(a, b)

但是，当然，使用类Squares，你可以很容易地提供额外的方法。

def current(self):
    return self.start

如果您的应用程序中确实需要这些额外的功能。

所有生成器都是迭代器，反之亦然。

from typing import Iterator
from typing import Iterable
from typing import Generator

class IT:

    def __init__(self):
        self.n = 0

    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        if self.n == 4:
            raise StopIteration
        try:
            return self.n
        finally:
            self.n += 1


def g():
    for i in range(4):
        yield i

def test(it):
    print(f'type(it) = {type(it)}')
    print(f'isinstance(it, Generator) = {isinstance(it, Generator)}')
    print(f'isinstance(it, Iterator) = {isinstance(it, Iterator)}')
    print(f'isinstance(it, Iterable) = {isinstance(it, Iterable)}')
    print(next(it))
    print(next(it))
    print(next(it))
    print(next(it))
    try:
        print(next(it))
    except StopIteration:
        print('boom\n')


print(f'issubclass(Generator, Iterator) = {issubclass(Generator, Iterator)}')
print(f'issubclass(Iterator, Iterable) = {issubclass(Iterator, Iterable)}')
print()
test(IT())
test(g())

输出:

issubclass(Generator, Iterator) = True
issubclass(Iterator, Iterable) = True

type(it) = <class '__main__.IT'>
isinstance(it, Generator) = False
isinstance(it, Iterator) = True
isinstance(it, Iterable) = True
0
1
2
3
boom

type(it) = <class 'generator'>
isinstance(it, Generator) = True
isinstance(it, Iterator) = True
isinstance(it, Iterable) = True
0
1
2
3
boom

无代码4行小抄:

A generator function is a function with yield in it.

A generator expression is like a list comprehension. It uses "()" vs "[]"

A generator object (often called 'a generator') is returned by both above.

A generator is also a subtype of iterator.

强烈推荐Ned Batchelder的迭代器和生成器示例

一个没有生成器的方法，它对偶数进行处理

def evens(stream):
   them = []
   for n in stream:
      if n % 2 == 0:
         them.append(n)
   return them

而通过使用发电机

def evens(stream):
    for n in stream:
        if n % 2 == 0:
            yield n

我们不需要任何列表或返回语句 有效的大/无限长的流…它只是走动并产生值

调用evens方法(生成器)和往常一样

num = [...]
for n in evens(num):
   do_smth(n)

发电机也用于打破双环

迭代器

满页的书是可迭代对象，书签是可迭代对象 迭代器

而这个书签除了下一步移动什么也做不了

litr = iter([1,2,3])
next(litr) ## 1
next(litr) ## 2
next(litr) ## 3
next(litr) ## StopIteration  (Exception) as we got end of the iterator

使用生成器…我们需要一个函数

使用迭代器…我们需要next和iter

如前所述:

Generator函数返回一个迭代器对象

Iterator的全部好处:

每次在内存中存储一个元素