给定someletters_12345_moreleters形式的文件名。ext,我想提取5位数字,并将它们放入一个变量。
为了强调这一点,我有一个x个字符的文件名,然后是一个5位数字序列,两边都有一个下划线,然后是另一组x个字符。我想把这个5位数代入一个变量。
我对实现这一目标的多种不同方式非常感兴趣。
给定someletters_12345_moreleters形式的文件名。ext,我想提取5位数字,并将它们放入一个变量。
为了强调这一点,我有一个x个字符的文件名,然后是一个5位数字序列,两边都有一个下划线,然后是另一组x个字符。我想把这个5位数代入一个变量。
我对实现这一目标的多种不同方式非常感兴趣。
当前回答
没有任何子过程,您可以:
shopt -s extglob
front=${input%%_+([a-zA-Z]).*}
digits=${front##+([a-zA-Z])_}
一个非常小的变体也可以在ksh93中工作。
其他回答
有点晚了,但我刚刚遇到了这个问题,并发现了以下内容:
host:/tmp$ asd=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext
host:/tmp$ echo `expr $asd : '.*_\(.*\)_'`
12345
host:/tmp$
我用它在一个没有%N日期的嵌入式系统上获得毫秒分辨率:
set `grep "now at" /proc/timer_list`
nano=$3
fraction=`expr $nano : '.*\(...\)......'`
$debug nano is $nano, fraction is $fraction
也许这可以帮助你得到想要的输出
代码:
your_number=$(echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -E -o '[0-9]{5}')
echo $your_number
输出:
12345
如果有人想要更严格的信息,你也可以像这样在man bash中搜索
$ man bash [press return key]
/substring [press return key]
[press "n" key]
[press "n" key]
[press "n" key]
[press "n" key]
结果:
${parameter:offset} ${parameter:offset:length} Substring Expansion. Expands to up to length characters of parameter starting at the character specified by offset. If length is omitted, expands to the substring of parameter start‐ ing at the character specified by offset. length and offset are arithmetic expressions (see ARITHMETIC EVALUATION below). If offset evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used as an offset from the end of the value of parameter. Arithmetic expressions starting with a - must be separated by whitespace from the preceding : to be distinguished from the Use Default Values expansion. If length evaluates to a number less than zero, and parameter is not @ and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an offset from the end of the value of parameter rather than a number of characters, and the expan‐ sion is the characters between the two offsets. If parameter is @, the result is length positional parameters beginning at off‐ set. If parameter is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the length members of the array beginning with ${parameter[offset]}. A negative offset is taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. Sub‐ string expansion applied to an associative array produces unde‐ fined results. Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If offset is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $0 is prefixed to the list.
通用解决方案,其中数字可以在文件名中的任何位置,使用这样的序列中的第一个:
number=$(echo $filename | egrep -o '[[:digit:]]{5}' | head -n1)
另一个精确提取变量一部分的解决方案:
number=${filename:offset:length}
如果你的文件名总是使用stuff_digits_…你可以使用awk:
number=$(echo $filename | awk -F _ '{ print $2 }')
还有一种方法可以删除除数字以外的所有内容,使用
number=$(echo $filename | tr -cd '[[:digit:]]')
下面是一个前缀后缀解决方案(类似于JB和Darron给出的解决方案),它匹配第一个数字块,并且不依赖于周围的下划线:
str='someletters_12345_morele34ters.ext'
s1="${str#"${str%%[[:digit:]]*}"}" # strip off non-digit prefix from str
s2="${s1%%[^[:digit:]]*}" # strip off non-digit suffix from s1
echo "$s2" # 12345